Dow AgroSciences Australia Ltd has developed a genetically modified (GM) soybean line known as DAS-68416-4 that is tolerant to two herbicides, glufosinate ammonium and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Tolerance to glufosinate ammonium is achieved through expression of the enzyme phosphinothricin acetyl transferase (PAT) encoded by the pat gene derived from the soil bacterium Streptomyces...

Although microorganisms are degrading the contaminants in bioremediation processes, soil animals can also have important--while usually an indirect--role in these processes. Soil animals are useful indicators of soil contamination, both before and after the bioremediation. Many toxicity and bioavailability assessment methods utilizing soil animals have been developed for hazard and risk-assessm...

This study analyzes soil sealing and its repercussions in the loss of fertile soils, which are more appropriate for agriculture use. Also, soil sealing increases flood risk. The main objective is to estimate soil loss by sealing in the Guadarrama River Basin (Madrid, Spain) between 1961 and 2011. The combination of digital processing (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), principal com...

Heavy metal pollutions in the soil have been an important content of its quality. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the potential risk of heavy metals and early warning analysis of agricultural soil in four counties, Northeast China. One method based on toxicity coefficients was applied to assess the potential risk of these heavy metals in soil. The results showed that average conte...

soil erosion is a serious problem especially in northern parts of iran. one themost important side effects on soil erosion may be the decline in qualities of soil refers toagricultural productivity. so it is very important to assess the soil erosion risk for thesustainable development of agriculture. this study outlines ways undertaken to provide anew tool to manage water erosion from physical ...

W hat constitutes “long-term” research may be as apparent as collectable art; although many are quick to identify the plots in Rothamsted-UK, started in 1843, as the gold standard of long-term research. When researchers conduct experiments in reference to a hypothesis that determines treatment application, the test duration usually lapses after a few “climatically representative” years. Mr. O. ...

BACKGROUND Although modifiable risk factors have been included in previous models that estimate or project breast cancer risk, there remains a need to estimate the effects of changes in modifiable risk factors on the absolute risk of breast cancer. METHODS Using data from a case-control study of women in Italy (2569 case patients and 2588 control subjects studied from June 1, 1991, to April 1...

Soil erosion is a serious problem especially in northern parts of Iran. One themost important side effects on soil erosion may be the decline in qualities of soil refers toagricultural productivity. So it is very important to assess the soil erosion risk for thesustainable development of agriculture. This study outlines ways undertaken to provide anew tool to manage water erosion from physical ...