For predicting soil conditions in support of mobility, combat, or engineering simulations, it is important to have verified models that can reliably predict the state of the ground in all weather conditions. While variations in the state of the ground in summer are due primarily to soil type, vegetation, and slope, the winter and spring seasons present additional challenges that are currently n...

To elucidate the early stages of heave, settlement and fracture of intact frost-susceptible rock by temperature cycling above and below 0°C, two physical modelling experiments were performed on 10 rectangular blocks 450 mm high of fine-grained, soft limestone. One experiment simulated 21 cycles of bidirectional freezing (upward and downward) of an active layer above permafrost, and the other si...

Abstract The J.R. Simplot Ex-Situ Bioremediation Technology, also known as the J.R. Simplot Anaerobic Bioremediation (SABRETM) process, is designed to anaerobically degrade nitroaromatic and energetic compounds with total destruction of toxic intermediate compounds at the completion of treatment. An evaluation of this technology was conducted under the SITE Program on soils contaminated with 2,...

Snowmelt in mountainous areas is an important contributor to river water fl ows in the western United States. We developed a distributed model that calculates solar radia on, canopy energy balance, surface energy balance, snow pack dynamics, soil water fl ow, snow–soil–bedrock heat exchange, soil water freezing, and lateral surface and subsurface water fl ow. The model was applied to describe r...

Water potential (Psiomega) values were determined for aqueous colloids of four molecular sizes of polyethylene glycol (PEG) using freezing-point depression and vapor-pressure deficit methods. A significant third-order interaction exists between the method used to determine Psiomega, PEG molecular size, and concentration. At low PEG concentrations, freezing-point depression measurements result i...