An essential component of an introductory turfgrass management course is the description of how turfgrass species are adapted to different cultural systems and environments. The objectives of this project were to develop an interactive program to introduce the characteristics of turfgrass species and their optimum environments and to evaluate the students' gain in understanding turf species cha...

GHEENS TKOUBLE Tropical Turf Tips from the Everglades Experiment Station, Belle Glade, Fla., says: "On most courses we have visited some of the greens must be watered lightly or they become soggy, with the result that they scald under a hot sun and are readily attacked by fungus diseases. A core of sod from such greens will usually show good root growth only in the upper 2 inches and no roots a...

Bill Amick is a golf course architect working out of Daytona Beach. In the past 20 years he has designed and remodeled more than 50 fine golf courses. A majority of these courses are in Florida and two are used annually for PGA Tour tournaments. Bill is a registered Florida Landscape Architect and a past president of the American Society of Golf Course Architects. Recently he gave presentations...

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), a special microorganism can connect soil and a plant directly, plays an important role in environmental remediation [1]. When the plant is in the heavy metal adversity, mycorrhizal association can enhance the resistance to the metals of plants [2]. Chen et al. [3], reported Cu uptake by four kind of mycorrhizal plants including two native plant species, Coreo...

Tall fescue is native to Europe and was rarely planted in the United States until after the first four decades of the 20 century. However, since the release of the variety ‘Kentucky 31’ in 1943, this versatile cool season perennial grass has been widely planted for forage, turf, and conservation purposes, with most of the acreage planted consisting of this variety. “Fescue” has many attributes ...