As many others in this volume have observed, the history of the People’s Republic of China after sixty years can be divided into two quite different eras of almost equal length, the socialist era dominated by Mao Zedong and the market-reform era dominated by one of his former lieutenants, Deng Xiaoping. It is also worth noting that Mao’s programs and policies did not outlive him for long and we...

The concepts of transition and tradition have not been the object of much original theoretical work in recent Anglophone socio-cultural anthropology. The term transition has been applied loosely to the demise of socialist regimes in Eastern Europe and their replacement by market economies and more pluralist forms of government. However, these objectives have proved elusive and most anthropologi...

This paper discusses the integration processes of immigrants and minorities with a recent immigrant background, and the policies related to the process of settlement of these newcomers in European societies. It thus excludes what are often called ‘regional minorities’, such as Frisians in the Netherlands, or Basques in Spain and France. As an initial premise, I would like to suggest that the ex...

This paper explores the role of public policy in the development of tourism in Jamaica. It focuses on two separate and contrasting periods. In the first, 1972–80, referred to here as ‘The Socialist Era’, the Jamaican government pursued goals of self-reliance combined with seeking to integrate tourism into Jamaican life. In the second period, 1980–89, ‘The Period of Capitalism’, emphasis was shi...

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Since 1978, China has embarked on the ambitious transition from a planned economy toward a market economy, which has resulted in profound changes in every aspect of the society, including the provision and consumption of housing. With privatization in the housing system and the emergence of a housing market, the rate of homeownership in urban China has sky-rocketed from around 20% in the 1980s ...

Introduction The theoretical crisis facing Marxism, and the political crisis gripping the socialist movement internationally, is clearly grave. In marked contrast to the past few decades, where to be progressive was to be socialist and to be intellectual was to be left, we are entering a decade where socialism is in retreat and leftists are on the defensive. Indeed, some have concluded that to ...

One of the main problems of agriculture in most countries is how to ensure further increases in agricultural production to give the population better nutrition and to guarantee increasing social security to farmers and all those employed in agriculture. This occupies the farmers' minds, for it concerns their own vital interests and their position in society; at the same time it is a concern of ...