The 21st century is an era of great challenge for humankind; we are combating terrorism, climate change, poverty, human rights issues and last but not least non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The burden of the latter has become so large that it is being recognized by world leaders globally as an area that it is in need of much greater attention. In light of this concern, the World Health Organiz...

Young individuals (below 35 years) comprise an estimated 60% of the global population. Not only are these individuals currently experiencing chronic, non-communicable diseases (NCDs), either living with or at risk for these conditions, but will also experience the long-term repercussions of the current NCD policy implementations. It is thus imperative that they meaningfully contribute to the gl...

Background: The developed Semi-Markov model with Kumaraswamy Exponentiated Inverse Rayleigh distribution examined patients hypertension, heart diseases, smoking habits and Stroke, is measured from one state to another. Materials Methods: Patients Non-Communicable disease described through distribution. Results: estimated parameters of this predicted by the maximum likelihood estimation for each...

Double burden of diseases in low– and middle–income countries (LMICs) is well recognised. However, proper understanding of the need for a joint intervention against both infectious diseases and non–communicable diseases (NCD) has arisen only recently [1]. In 2008, the proportion of premature deaths due to NCD in population under 60 years of age in low–income countries was 41%, in lower middle-i...

BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and determinants of chronic non-communicable disease (NCD) risk factors in a rural community in the Limpopo Province of South Africa. METHODS This survey was conducted using the WHO "STEPwise approach to the surveillance of non-communicable diseases" (STEPS) methodology. Participants were residents of the Dikgale HDSS site and st...

BACKGROUND Non-communicable diseases (NCD) pose challenges to Cambodia's health system. Medicines for NCD are on the National Essential Medicines List but no clinical guidelines support their utilization. Two social health protection schemes aimed at the informal sector population exist (Health Equity Funds and Insurance) together with two disease-specific interventions (a Peer Educator Network...

Non-communicable Diseases (NCD) principally includes four common diseases, viz. diabetes, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), cancers and chronic respiratory diseases, which caused 63% of global deaths in 2008.1 CVD alone accounts for nearly 30% of all deaths worldwide and 27% in low-income and middle-income countries. About 366 million people were reported to have diabetes in 2011 worldwide.2 In lo...

Paralleled with the rapid socio-economic development and demographic transition, an epidemic of non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs) has emerged in China over the past three decades, resulting in increased disease and economic burdens. Over the past decade, with a political commitment of implementing universal health coverage, China has strengthened its primary healthcare system and increas...

Building on Tangcharoensathien and colleagues’ description of four tactics used by the tobacco, alcohol, processed food, and breast milk substitute industries to interfere with the development and implementation of health policies, we present a fifth tactic: trade and investment disputes. We describe recent examples of trade and investment claims filed by the tobacco in...