The 3Rs - Replacement, Reduction and Refinement - have become increasingly important in designing animal experiments. The Pavlov sling is thought to be a non-invasive method to restrain dogs for examinations. The aim of our study was to investigate whether laboratory Beagle dogs that had been trained to tolerate restraint by a Pavlov sling are stressed by this procedure and, furthermore, to ana...

Objective. Postoperative diplopia occurs in up to 45% of patients following orbital decompression for exophthalmos associated with Graves’ orbitopathy. We sought to describe outcomes of our balanced orbital decompression strategy that includes the preservation of a modified inferomedial orbital strut (mIOS). Study Design: Case series with chart review. Setting: Academic medical center. Subjects...

Late onset of isolated myositis following a Transobturator (TOT) mid-urethral sling (MUS) is rare post-operative complication.

BACKGROUND Transthoracic echocardiographic examinations in women with large breasts are technically demanding and can lead to suboptimal image quality, excessive scan time, and cause pain and discomfort to patients. OBJECTIVE Evaluate the effects of self-made breast sling used during transthoracic echocardiographic examination on scanning time, image quality, pain, and satisfaction in women w...

PURPOSE Mid urethral slings are becoming the first line surgical treatment for stress urinary incontinence in women. We reviewed the complications of mid urethral sling placement and their potential pathophysiology. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a literature search on MEDLINE from 1995 to 2007 using the key words sling, complications, mid-urethral slings, transvaginal tape, transobturato...

We present an unusual case of vascular sling, tracheal stenosis by complete cartilaginous ring, and aberrant left subclavian artery with right aortic arch that underwent successful surgical repair for the sling. These abnormalities were suspected from unusual multiple indentations found on esophagogram. Complete preoperative diagnosis was established with chest computerized tomogram combined wi...

objective: this study evaluated  the efficacy and safety of  the bulbourethral sling in male urinary incontinence. materials and methods: this case series was conducted in   imam khomeini hospital-tehran , between april 2001 to december 2006. bulbourethral sling was implanted in 7  patients with stress urinary incontinence after prostate surgery. the patients were monitored and evaluated in a p...

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the independent effect of suburethral sling placement on the risk of cystocele recurrence after pelvic reconstructive operation. STUDY DESIGN One hundred forty-eight women with cystoceles to or beyond the hymenal ring underwent pelvic reconstructive operation, with or without incontinence procedures, and were evaluated at 12 and 52 weeks aft...