A standard skeletal traction technique was applied to each major segment of the appendicular skeleton of ten fresh dog cadavers. Opposition points and anchorage points for the application of traction were determined for each skeletal segment. Traction was exerted by means of a micrometric traction stand, connected to the limb by bands or a stirrup. Traction was applied to the antebrachium and t...

BACKGROUND Traction is used to treat low-back pain (LBP), often with other treatments. OBJECTIVES To determine traction's effectiveness, compared to reference treatments, placebo, sham traction or no treatment for LBP. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched CENTRAL (The Cochrane Library 2006, issue 4), MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL to October 2006, references in relevant reviews and personal files. SE...

Climbing on vertical concrete structures like bridge pylons or dams is still a great challenge for autonomous robots. This paper presents the forceand traction control system of the climbing robot Cromsci which uses a negative pressure system for adhesion and driven wheels for propulsion. Especially in vertical environments the propulsion system must be able to produce enough force for carrying...

BACKGROUND The causative role of diffuse macular edema in various etiologies is often undetermined. OBJECTIVES To describe an association between extrafoveal vitreous traction and non-diabetic diffuse macular edema secondary to various ocular entities. METHODS In a retrospective study of eyes with non-diabetic diffuse macular edema, charts and optical coherence tomography scans demonstratin...

We performed this study to evaluate the effect of cavernous nerve (CN) traction on erectile function in rats. Thirty-two 8- week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: control, 1-minute CN traction, 2-minute CN traction, and 2-minute CN crush. CN traction was performed using a glass hook with a tensile force of 0.2 Newton. One month later, the mean arterial pressure (MAP) and in...

Small intestinal intraluminal pressure activity and aboral traction forces were explored in 19 healthy volunteers using a combined manometry and traction force detecting assembly sited in the upper small intestine. Each aboral traction event was classified as being associated with either a propagating or a stationary contraction and its force measured. During phase I no contractions or traction...

Professionals who resist and restrict the indication of orthodontic traction, especially canine traction, often justify their stance by citing the following reasons: 1) Lateral Root Resorption in lateral incisors and premolars. 2) External Cervical Resorption of canines due to canine traction. 3) Alveolodental ankylosis of the canine(s) involved in the process. 4) Calcific metamorphosis of the ...

To understand how the mechanical properties of tissues emerge from interactions of multiple cells, we measure traction stresses of cohesive colonies of 1-27 cells adherent to soft substrates. We find that traction stresses are generally localized at the periphery of the colony and the total traction force scales with the colony radius. For large colony sizes, the scaling appears to approach lin...

Background and Purpose: Cervical traction has been used for more than 50 years for the treatment of cervical disk pathology. However, there is a paucity of research in regard to the use of postoperative traction following surgery. The purpose of this case series is to describe evidence-based treatment using cervical traction for herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP) after anterior cervical discectom...

it is well established that the seismic ground response of surface topographies may differ from those of free field motion during earthquakes. complex nature of seismic wave scattering by topographical structures can only be solved accurately and economically using advanced numerical methods under realistic conditions. among the numerical methods, the boundary element is a powerful numerical te...