conclusions according to release exponent n > 1, diffusion mechanism is super case п. the prepared micronized benzoyl peroxide in foamable formulation was stable according to different pharmaceutical evaluation. the emu oil incorporated in this formulation could reduce drawback of bpo (benzoyl peroxide). this formulation could be a good candidate in acne treatment. objectives benzoyl peroxide f...

mainly into semisolid formulations such as ointment, cream and lotion and dermal patches such as pressure sensitive adhesive tapes and cataplasma. These topical formulations contain many kinds of pharmaceutical additives. Alcohols, glycols, l-menthol, mineral and vegetable oils and surfactants as well as polymeric additives are prescribed for skin penetration enhancers, drug solubilizers, drug ...

many properties of chemicals depend on their streochemistry. among these, the effects of streoisomerism on percutaneous absorption of drugs, which is subject of the present investigation, is not well studied yet. in this study, tretinoin (tt) and isotretinoin (itt) (geometric isomers) were chosen and their permeations (alone or in the presence of each other) through enhancer-treated excised rat...

In recent years there has been a drive to create experimental techniques that can facilitate the accurate and precise prediction of transdermal permeation without the use of in vivo studies. This review considers why permeation data is essential, provides a brief summary as to how skin acts as a natural barrier to permeation and discusses why in vivo studies are undesirable. This is followed by...

A transdermal dosage form of trazodone hydrochloride (TZN) may be useful in the treatment of moderate to severe depression in schizophrenic patients by providing prolonged duration of action. It will also improve patient compliance and bioavailability. Controlled input of TZN would attenuate fluctuating plasma level of TZN resulting from oral therapy. The aim of the current investigation was to...

PURPOSE Lipid suspensions as drug carriers, including conventional liposomes, ethosomes, transferosomes, proniosomes, niosomes, PEG-PPG-PEG niosomes and stratum corneum liposomes (cerosomes), were formulated and compared. METHODS Lipid vesicles were formulated and assessed with regards to enhancement of skin permeation of diclofenac and stability profiles of the formulations. Formulation-indu...

This study was designed to investigate the penetration and the distribution of poly(d,l-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles in the human skin treated with microneedles. Fluorescent nanoparticles were prepared to indicate the transdermal transport process of the nanoparticles. Permeation study was performed on Franz-type diffusion cells in vitro. The distribution of nanoparticles was v...

Nanoemulsions (NEs) are used as transdermal drug delivery systems for systematic therapeutic purposes. We hypothesized that the skin permeation profile of an NE could be modulated by incorporating it into a hydrogel containing differing proportions of thickening agent. The objectives of this study were as follows: 1) to determine the stability and skin irritability of NE gels (NGs) containing 1...

Objective: Transdermal hormonal drugs without protective covering may pose a risk for skin-to-skin hormone transfer through contact from the dosed to undosed person. Currently, no in vitro methodologies are available assess potential of skinto- skin drug transfer. This study aimed develop an permeation test (IVPT) evaluate impact use conditions (e.g., dosing duration and time), on skin-to drugs.