Induction of inflammation is one the most apparent acute effects ultraviolet (UV) on skin, but many studies investigate anti-inflammation and anti-photoaging potency topical formulations with UV models mainly recruit skin types I-IV. Despite growing research photoaging cancer V-VI, knowledge biological responses including erythema vascular dynamics, limited. A double-blinded, randomized, contro...

Purpose: To investigate the penetration enhancing effect of two polysorbates polyoxyethylene 20 (POE-20) and polyoxyethylene 80 (POE-80) on the in vitro percutaneous absorption of ascorbic acid (AA). Methods: For the permeation experiments, Franz diffusion cell covered with aluminum foil providing an effective diffusion area of 1.76 cm 2 and hairless rabbit skin were used. A range of concentrat...

BACKGROUND Recently, the transient hyperaemic response (THR) to brief compression (20 s) of the brachial artery has been described as a way to assess vascular reactivity of the forearm skin. We studied the effects of locally iontophoresed vasoactive agents on this response in 20 male volunteers. METHODS An iontophoresis chamber attached to the anterior forearm permitted simultaneous administr...

Women may benefit from hormone replacement therapy to alleviate undesirable menopausal symptoms such as hot flashes, disruption of sleep and fatigue. Transdermal hormone replacement therapy consists in the delivery of hormones through the skin and into the blood stream, avoiding gastrointestinal drug absorption difficulties and the first pass effect. Transdermal compounded medications may be cu...

Topical application of ectoparasiticides for flea and tick control is a major focus for product development in animal health. The objective of this work was to develop a quantitative structure permeability relationship (QSPeR) model sensitive to formulation effects for predicting absorption and skin deposition of five topically applied drugs administered in six vehicle combinations to porcine a...

Membranes that separate oil-water mixtures based on contrasting wetting properties have recently received significant attention. Separation of nanoemulsions, i.e. oil-water mixtures containing sub-micron droplets, still remains a key challenge. Tradeoffs between geometric constraints, high breakthrough pressure for selectivity, high flux, and mechanical durability make it challenging to design ...

Electroporation of skin has recently been shown to enhance transport of charged molecules across skin by up to four orders of magnitude. This study demonstrates that high-voltage pulses can also increase transdermal permeation of two neutral model solutes, i.e. mannitol and water, up to 100-fold. The elevated flux results from the persistent increase in skin permeability following electroporati...

Anisotropic poly(2,6-dimethyl-, 1,4-phenylene oxide) (PPO) ultrafiltration membranes are characterized by means of two techniques. A new method for the determination of skin thicknesses, the gold sol method, is introduced and applied to these membranes. The membranes appeared to have a well-defined skin with a thickness of 0.2 pm. The results were combined with permporometry, a method that meas...

Transdermal drug delivery (TDD) is a non-invasive route of drug administration, although its applications are limited by low skin permeability. It is an attractive alternative technique over the conventional techniques for administration of systemic approaches. For both local and systemic effects skin is the major site of application. However, to penetrate the drug through skin, stratum corneum...