Abstract Feminization of the face is as important genital or chest surgeries in alleviating gender incongruence transgender individuals. It comprises a myriad procedures that address skeletal and/or soft tissue components to give harmonious result. The are custom-tailored for each individual based on facial anatomy well her desired changes optimal results. A thorough understanding differences m...

In this paper, we evaluate the causes of differential skeletal preservation in the Windover Pond skeletal series (8BR246). We collected data on sex and age for approximately 110 individuals, and calculated a preservation score for each individual based on the presence of 80 skeletal landmarks. Our research questions evaluated the relationship between bone preservation and individual age and sex...

CONTEXT Reconstruction of extensive nasal defects often represents a significant challenge owing to several unique qualities of the nose, such as complex topography, mobile free margins, and multiple nasal subunits. Furthermore, loss of internal nasal lining and/or structural skeletal support may be present following removal of extensive skin cancers. OBJECTIVE To describe our experience with...

Introduction: Mechanisms of force loss that occur during progressive muscular diseases are more and more studied using mouse models. Such diseases generally cause both a decrease in maximal tension and progressive muscle wasting, which may result in profound changes in muscle architecture. Muscle architecture is a main determinant of the mechanical behavior of skeletal muscle [1], and is charac...

Since the development of three-dimensional helical reconstruction methods in the 1960's, advances in Fourier-Bessel methods have facilitated structure determination to near-atomic resolution. A recently developed iterative helical real-space reconstruction (IHRSR) method provides an alternative that uses single-particle analysis in conjunction with the imposition of helical symmetry. In this wo...

The cell lineage tree of a multicellular organism represents its history of cell divisions from the very first cell, the zygote. A new method for high-resolution reconstruction of parts of such cell lineage trees was recently developed based on phylogenetic analysis of somatic mutations accumulated during normal development of an organism. In this study we apply this method in mice to reconstru...

Skeletal muscle regenerates after injury. Tissue remodelling, which takes place during muscle regeneration, is a complex process involving proteolytic enzymes. It is inferred that micro and milli calpains are involved in the protein turnover and structural adaptation associated with muscle myolysis and reconstruction. Using a whole-crush injured skeletal muscle, we previously have shown that in...

Fossils are essential to the reconstruction of the evolution of life and episodes in Earth history. Fossil skeletal material serves as the repository of chemical data widely used in the reconstruction of the Earth’s climate–ocean system at various time scales. Knowledge of biomineralization – the processes associated with the formation of mineralized biological structures – is essential to prop...

Sivatherium giganteum is an extinct giraffid from the Plio-Pleistocene boundary of the Himalayan foothills. To date, there has been no rigorous skeletal reconstruction of this unusual mammal. Historical and contemporary accounts anecdotally state that Sivatherium rivalled the African elephant in terms of its body mass, but this statement has never been tested. Here, we present a three-dimension...

We present a new approach for the accurate reconstruction of three-dimensional skeletal positions using roentgen single-plane photogrammetric analysis (RSPA). This technique uses a minimum of three markers embedded in each segment which allow continuous, real-time, internal skeletal movement to be measured from single-plane images, provided that the precise distance between the markers is known...