A severe foodborne disease outbreak late in 1950 in Osaka, Japan, led to 20 fatalities among 272 patients, who suffered from acute gastroenteritis, with symptoms that included severe abdominal pain, described by many as a “burning sensation in the stomach,” vomiting, and severe diarrhea. The onset of symptoms was very rapid, within 2 to 6 h in most cases, and autopsies revealed extensive damage...