one of the most important theoretical concepts in international relations is the concept of ‘state’, in relation to which all of the theories and discourses reflect their viewpoints. however, sometimes there are said to be falls in state-nations. islamic-jurisprudential discourse and critical western discourse, admitting the role of state as a key element in international relations and respecti...

Canada’s federal government intends to take steps to implement national pharmacare so that all Canadians have prescription drug coverage they need at an affordable price. Relatively limited funds have so far been pledged to support national pharmacare, which raises the question: what kind of program is envisioned? Since the government has already introduced regulations intended to reduce new dr...

Rural, regional and remote (R-3) communities are generally in decline in Australia and in some other countries in the Western world. The economic problems include a decline in agriculture as competitive countries protect their domestic industry by subsidies and high tariffs. This paper examines the economic situation of these communities on four levels. These are the policy level (the Australia...

This paper sets up two competing frameworks to assess the evidence of the CAP reforms of the 1980s and 1990s. The two frameworks differ in the degree of prominence given to interest groups in affecting CAP decisions. The paper concludes that the most important mechanism behind CAP reforms is the interaction of EU institutions and member state governments. Interest groups, at national or EU-leve...

SINCE THE PASSAGE of California’s Proposition 13 in 1978, tax and expenditure limitation measures (TELs) have been widely used for altering the revenue systems of state and local governments (Joyce and Mullins 1991). Oregon’s Ballot Measure 5, a TEL passed in 1990, provides an opportunity to (1) identify some of the effects of a TEL on local governments and (2) examine how local officials try t...

Changing people social status, particularly upwardly, is often considered an indication of a government success in reaching a fair society, particularly in traditionally rigid structures. This is mainly possible through implementing development plan(s) which is theoretically assumed to result in wiping out traditional rigid structures. In the post-revolutionary Iran, the government took upon it...

censorship has a long history in iran that has interfered with text production, i.e., original writing as well as translation. this phenomenon seems to have marked the borderline between the government and the ‘enlightened’ intellectuals throughout history in iran. different governments have delineated ‘redlines’ for authors and translators and dealt with these constructors of culture based on ...

: ethics has been a subject of interest since the birth of philosophy. however, significance of ethics in modern time is more salient; time of ubiquity of technology in every aspect of human life. ethics similar to any human phenomenon has to do with language and in understanding it thoroughly, such features have to be examined. this research seeks to critically study the ethics in e-government...