• To understand the nature and pathophysiology of the different types of intestinal failure and short bowel syndrome; • To appreciate the need for restriction of salt-poor fluids in patients with short bowel syndrome; • To have an understanding of the pharmacological and nutritional therapy of short bowel syndrome; • To be able to apply this understanding in clinical practice; • To know the pro...

Clopidogrel is an integral part of the management of several important vascular diseases. However the medium to long term clinical outcomes are poorer for these patients if they experience gastro-intestinal bleeding, hence patients with risk factors for gastro-intestinal bleeding are frequently prescribed proton pump inhibitors. Conflicting evidence exists as to the existence of an adverse inte...

BACKGROUND Edible birds' nest (EBN) is reported to be antioxidant-rich. However, the fate of its antioxidants after oral consumption is not yet reported. To explore this, we hypothesized that EBN antioxidants are released from their matrix when subjected to in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion. METHODS EBN samples were extracted using hot water (100°C) with or without subsequent sequ...

BACKGROUND Perforation peritonitis is a common surgical emergency in the Indian Sub-continent and tropical countries. Perforationcan be treated by resection anastomosis or by creating a temporary stoma and again creating anastomosis on a later date to maintain continuity of the bowel. Anastomosis can be done by various methods including staples and hand sewn methods. Hand sewn methods include s...

Over the last few years, the importance of the resident intestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis of several gastro-intestinal diseases has been largely investigated. Growing evidence suggest that microbiota can influence gastro-intestinal motility. The current working hypothesis is that dysbiosis-driven mucosal alterations induce the production of several inflammatory/immune mediators which af...

BACKGROUND The incidence of adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus and gastric cardia is increasing rapidly. Barrett's oesophagus is the major risk factor. Intestinal metaplasia at the squamocolumnar junction in the absence of Barrett's oesophagus is common but its relation to adenocarcinoma and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease is unclear. AIMS To study the prevalence and clinical, endoscopic, and...

We present a 47-year-old patient with progressive dysphagia. Upper gastro intestinal endoscopy revealed middle third esophageal ulcer, the histology of which was moderately differentiated carcinoma. The patient underwent 3-stage esophagectomy with cervical gastro esophageal anastomosis. The histopathology revealed Crohn's disease of the esophagus. The clinical features and diagnosis of this rar...

Bifidobacterium longum was microencapsulated by extrusion technique and added in fresh milk tofu and pineapple juice. Microencapsulation of B. longum with Eleutherine americana extract, oligosaccharides extract, and commercial fructo-oligosaccharides was assessed for the bacterial survival after sequential exposure to simulated gastric and intestinal juices, and refrigeration storage. Microenca...

Gastrointestinal (GI) motility is an essential function of digestive and absorptive processes of the gut, required for propelling intestinal contents, mixing them with digestive juices, and preparing unabsorbed particles for excretion. Pivotal to the discussion of mechanisms for producing defined patterns of motor responses are important and intimately related aspects of intestinal neurophysiol...

An admirable adage is the desirability of being knowledgeable about the data dating to yester years. Perhaps, it was the acknowledgeable account of such a dictum that made a group to research on the pigment cell biology in terms of the melanoma. However, the important field of gastro-intestinal melanoma metastases could not be found in their presentation. Accordingly, this paper sets out to cor...