the autonomic nervous system consists of a vast range of nerves and ganglions. anatomical studies have demonstrated that the sympathetic innervations of the head and neck are affected by the neurons that ramify from the cranial cervical ganglion (ccg). the ccg is the end of the sympathetic cervical trunk, which runs with the vagal nerve during its cervical course. in this study sixteen adult (2...

Background & Objectives: The accurate assessment of the diseased tissue is fundamental to the diagnosis and management of disorders of the central nervous system (CNS). The ‛squash’ or ‛crush’ technique has been universally employed in the intraoperative diagnosis of CNS tumors. The aim of our study was to evaluate the accuracy of squash preparation in diagnosing CNS tumors by comparing with hi...

since its first description of botulism toxicity in 1820s, specific formulations of botulinum neurotoxin (bont) have been introduced with different clinical benefits. however, there is increasing number of adverse events reported to food and drug administration. this report presents the case of 62-year-old woman with parkinson’s disease who received bont injections to treat painful spasticity i...

Involvement of the peripheral nervous system is one of the complications of multiple myeloma with a varying incidence of clinical and subclinical neuropathy in different studies. As most of the patients with multiple myeloma suffer from generalized systemic symptoms such as malaise, bone and low back pain, the clinical clues to the diagnosis of the neuropathy in its initial stages could be ...

Introduction DEGENERATING axons of cephalopod material can be stained with a Cajal method (Sereni and Young, 1932). Whilst this has proved extremely valuable for demonstrating principal fibre connexions, it becomes more difficult to interpret the results when identifying degenerating fibres which are diffusely distributed within neuropil, or in tracts composed mainly of normal fibres. This is l...

For the purpose of studying the hematoencephalic barrier as it is concerned with silver circulating in the blood stream, silver nitrate was vitally administered to rats in their drinking water over periods of 6 to 8 months. The cerebrum, cerebellum, medulla, area postrema, and choroid plexus were prepared for light and electron microscopy. Silver deposition was found in the perivascular spaces ...