1 National Institute of Hydrology and Water Management, 97, Sos. Bucureşti – Ploieşti, Sect. 1, Bucharest cod 013686, Romania 2 National Administration of Meteorology, 97, Sos. Bucureşti – Ploieşti, Sect. 1, Bucharest cod 013686, Romania 3 National Administration “Apele Romane”, 6, Strada Edgar Quinet, sect. 1, Bucharest, cod 010018, Romania 4 UMR Sisyphe-7619, Université Pierre & Marie Curie, ...

A small cluster of dioecious species in the plant genus Silene has evolved chromosomal sex determination and sex chromosomes relatively recently, within the last 10 million years (MY). Five dioecious Silene species (section Elisanthe) are very closely related (1-2 MY of divergence) and it was previously thought that all five have similar sex chromosomes. Here we demonstrate that in one of these...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Among-population differentiation in phenotypic traits and allelic variation is expected as a consequence of isolation, drift, founder effects and local selection. Therefore, investigating molecular and quantitative genetic divergence is a pre-requisite for studies of local adaptation in response to selection under variable environmental conditions. METHODS Among- and withi...

The isovitexin-O-glycosylation patterns of rosette leaves, stem leaves and petals of Silene dioica plants were investigated. The 7-O -xylosylation o f isovitexin, controlled by gene gX, only occurs in the petals. In the leaves isovitexin is 7-O-galactosylated, which is controlled by gene Xgal. Acyl groups may be linked to either the 7 -0 or the 2"-0-substituted sugar; the former only occurs in ...

*Understanding disease distributions is of fundamental and applied importance, yet few studies benefit from integrating broad sampling with ecological and phylogenetic data. Here, anther-smut disease, caused by the fungus Microbotryum, was assessed using herbarium specimens of Silene and allied genera of the Caryophyllaceae. *A total of 42,000 herbarium specimens were examined, and plant geogra...

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A phylogenetic analysis of Astragalus sect. Alopecuroidei based on nrDNA ITS as well as morphological character data is presented. A total of fifty informative morphological characters were analyzed to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships for 23 taxa of the sect. Alopecuroidei and two species of sect. Laxiflori plus A. sieversianus and A. caryolobus as outgroups. The present analysis revealed...

The Born-Oppenheimer approximation [1] can be used whenever the hamilto..ian of a fast system depends on the coordinates of a slow system . In some textbooks, the problem is solved by freezing the coordinates of the slow system and solving the hamiltonian of the fast system; then the energy of the fast system enters the effective hamiltonian for the slow system as a potential energy term. This ...

Understanding mechanisms of coevolution between nuclear and mitochondrial (mt) genomes is a defining challenge in eukaryotic genetics. The angiosperm genus Silene is a natural system to investigate the causes and consequences of mt mutation rate variation because closely related species have highly divergent rates. In Silene species with fast-evolving mtDNA, nuclear genes that encode mitochondr...