introduction: angiogenesis, the process of new blood vessel formation from pre-existing vessels, has important physiological roles in embryonic development, female reproduction cycle, and wound healing. it is also crucial for pathological processes in several diseases especially tumor growth and metastasis. thereby, inhibition of angiogenesis as an addition to the conventional therapies such as...

single-gene disorders occur when mutation in a gene causing alteration of gene function while in multifactorial disorders, mutations occur in multiple genes, and these are usually coupled with environmental causes. in addition, in a multifactorial disorder such as diabetes, the complication is under the influence of different genes. for example, in diabetic retinopathy many genes are involved i...