The sign-rank of a matrix A with entries in {−1,+1} is the least rank of a real matrix B with Aij · Bij > 0 for all i, j. Razborov and Sherstov (2008) gave the first exponential lower bounds on the sign-rank of a function in AC0, answering an old question of Babai, Frankl, and Simon (1986). Specifically, they exhibited a matrix A = [F (x, y)]x,y for a specific function F : {−1, 1} × {−1, 1} → {...

Dendritic cell (DC)-specific intercellular cell adhesion molecule-3 (ICAM-3)-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) is expressed on the surface of DCs and specialized macrophages and can support T cell proliferation. Antibody-mediated co-ligation of CD3 and ICAM-3, the ligand for both DC-SIGN and leukocyte function-associated antigen-1, leads to T cell activation. Therefore, we tested to see whether D...

The role of DC-SIGN in tubulointerstitial lesions (TILs) and the effect of anti-P-selectin lectin-EGF domain monoclonal antibody (PsL-EGFmAb) were investigated in rat nephrotoxic nephritis (NTN). On Day 4, immature DC-SIGN+DCs infiltrated into renal tubulointerstitium and matured by Day 14, showing increased migratory capacity and ability to induce T cell proliferation. The distribution of DC-S...

About the sign ambiguity in the evaluation of Grand Canonical traces for quasi-particle statistical density operators. Abstract A simple and general prescription for evaluating unambiguously the sign of the grand-canonical trace of quasi-particle statistical density operators (the so-called sign ambiguity in taking the square root of determinants) is given. Sign ambiguities of this kind appear ...

The C-type lectin dendritic cell (DC)-specific intercellular adhesion molecule grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN; CD209) facilitates binding and internalization of several viruses, including HIV-1, on DCs, but the underlying mechanism for being such an efficient phagocytic pathogen-recognition receptor is poorly understood. By high resolution electron microscopy, we demonstrate a direct relation b...

The discovery of dendritic cell (DC)-specific intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-3-grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN) as a DC-specific ICAM-3 binding receptor that enhances HIV-1 infection of T cells in trans has indicated a potentially important role for adhesion molecules in AIDS pathogenesis. A related molecule called DC-SIGNR exhibits 77% amino acid sequence identity with DC-SIGN. The DC-SI...

T his study investigates the factors affecting the demand for new residential buildings in urban areas of Iran during 1976-2010. The demand function for new residential buildings in urban areas was estimated and then the existence of a long-run relationship among variables of this function was studied using the Bounds testing of the Autoregressive Distributed Lag Co-integration procedure. The t...

In this paper, we have exploited the first-order sliding mode control method to track the ECG data of the human heart by three different nonlinear control laws. In order to lessen the intrinsic chattering of the classic sliding mode control system, smooth function approximations of the control input, by means of the hyperbolic tangent and the saturation function, were used. The fast Fourier tra...