objectives: stigma is a negative value. many behaviors are to ward stigmatized people. down syndrome is one of conditions with stigma. the aim of this study is to determine the sources of labeling in iranian down syndrome. methods: the view of 105 down syndrome families concerning stigma were conducted. all of down syndrome was under 50 years. results: a fair proportion of down syndrome familie...

background: previous studies have demonstrated that patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (iddm) have a high prevalence of osteopenia.  hypercalciuria has also been well documented in human diabetes and many children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus have short stature.   objective: to investigate the relationship of hypercalciuria and hyperphosphaturia with growth retardatio...

It has been suggested that sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and febrile convulsions are related aetiologically. We compared the risk of SIDS in 9877 siblings of children who had had febrile convulsions with that of 20 177 siblings of children who had never had febrile convulsions. We found no support for the shared susceptibility hypothesis.

anxiety is one of the most common reactions that parents show while understanding their children's intellectual disability due to down syndrome. anxiety leads parents not to develop appropriate relations with their children, subsequently their psychological health are at risk. the present study was aimed to determine the effect of problem-focused coping strategy training on psychological sympto...

Background and Objective: The present study investigated executive functions in students with high functioning autism (HFA) and students with educable Down syndrome (DS) with normal healthy students.     Methods: Fifteen boy students with HFA, 15 boy students with educable intellectual disability and 15 normal healthy boy students (aged between¬ 7-15 years) were recruited from educational se...

AIMS To investigate the relation between psychological functioning of subjects with Down syndrome, and their levels of urine peptide and serum antibodies to food proteins. METHODS 55 children with Down syndrome in a cross-sectional study. Psychological functioning was measured by the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale: Fourth Edition, McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities and Fagan's compute...