Nowadays, heavy metal pollution has become a serious environmental problem on global scale. The heavy metals are non-biodegradable in nature, which can easily accumulate in the organisms of lower trophic level, and enter to the human body system through food chain. From this backdrop, the present experiment highlighted the effect of three heavy metals (Cr, Pb, and Mn) in different concentration...

This paper combines quasi-Z-source into a typical five-level inverter, which includes two dc voltage sources, two quasi-Z-sources and five switching devices. In this structure, the output voltage amplitude is not limited to dc voltage source and it can be increased by quasi-Z-source. Besides, due to nature of Z-source families, this new structure is reliable and higher efficiency. Also, in this...

23 strains of rhizobia, from 14 leguminous species, were evaluated on a Thai cultivar of Voandzeia* in Leonard jar trials. The symbiosis ranged from completely ineffective through moderate effectiveness to fully effective. Bradyrhizobium sp. TAL 169, isolated from Vigna unguiculata, ranked most-effective; the widespectrum Bradyrhizobium strain CB 756 was ineffective. In a cultivar x Bradyrhizob...

Sodium (Na) is ubiquitous in soils, and is transported to plant shoots via transpiration through xylem elements in the vascular tissue. However, excess Na is damaging. Accordingly, control of xylem-sap Na concentration is important for maintenance of shoot Na homeostasis, especially under Na stress conditions. Here we report that shoot Na homeostasis of Arabidopsis thaliana plants grown in sali...

Plant growth and development was affected greatly through salinity. Appropriate nutrients application on salinity condition can reduce its harmful effects and increased productivity of salinized soils. A pot experiment was carried out in 2007 in cs Lab., Department of Agronomy, Kyungpook National University, Korea to assess the effects of potassium nitrate on Gycine max (Var. Daewonkong) under ...

Selection indices provide useful information to breeders who usually base selection on means and ranks. Knowledge on selection criteria for improving tef grain yield is very limited. Accordingly, the objective of this study was to develop selection criteria for improving tef grain yield through indirect yield component selection via a selection index. Different trait combinations along with thr...

Mineral nutrients taken up by the roots are, as a rule, transported in the xylem to the shoot, and photoassimilates transported in the phloem to the roots. According to the Thornley model of photosynthate partitioning, nutrient deficiencies should favour photosynthate partitioning to the roots. Examples are cited to show that this preferential partitioning is dependent on phloem mobility and he...

In this paper we begin our study of factors controlling Na* and K* uptake in the halophyte Spergularia marina (L.) Griseb., with emphasis on plants growing at moderate salinity (0.2x sea water). The involvement of transpiration was considered first because of its potential to account for much or all of the transport of ions, and particularly of Na*, to the shoot under these growth conditions. T...

Zinc (Zn) deficiency in major food crops has been considered as an important factor affecting the crop production and subsequently the human health. Rice (Oryza sativa) is sensitive to Zn deficiency and thereby causes malnutrition to most of the rice-eating Asian populations. Application of zinc solubilizing bacteria (ZSB) could be a sustainable agronomic approach to increase the soil available...

Carpel margin meristems (CMMs), a pair of meristematic tissues present along the margins of two fused carpel primordia of Arabidopsis thaliana, are essential for the formation of ovules and the septum, two major internal structures of the gynoecium. Although a number of regulatory factors involved in shoot meristem activity are known to be required for the formation of these gynoecial structure...