In this study, a variogram-based texture analysis was tested for classifying detailed urban land-use classes, such as mobile home, single-family house, multi-family house, industrial, and commercial from a digital color infrared aerial photograph. Spectral classification was first carried out to separate the building class from non-building classes. Then, a building-presence binary image was ge...

The Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a standardized procedure generally used, in Italy, in industrial engineering to evaluate the economic-environmental efficiency of production processes. LCA is aimed at optimizing the design, with special emphasis on environmental sustainability. Also in the construction sector, LCA has recently gained a fundamental role as a quantitative measurement tool able ...

Fifteen AML sites ranging in age from 13 to 35 yr in Northern West Virginia were selected from three surface-mined coal beds (Pittsburgh, Freeport, and Kittanning) to evaluate plant invasion and establishment on disturbed sites. Three 10 m by 10 m plots were randomly located on each site, and cover, density, and stem diameter of all woody plant species were measured. Herbaceous and plant litter...

Actinosporean stages including spherical pansporocysts and oval tetractinomyxon actinospores about 8 μm long were found in two unidentified spionid polychaetes in the northern Øresund, Denmark. The myxosporean stages in fish are unknown. Members of the Spionidae occur worldwide and at all depths and it is likely that they act as invertebrate hosts for several species of Myxozoa. *Corresponding ...

This paper examines the trends in costs associated with the various low technology shoreline clean-up methods that were used in the response to the SEA EMPRESS incident, by drawing on information gathered during the response and the subsequent claims for compensation from the local government councils involved. Analysis of the costs allowed the level of effort invested in shoreline cleaning to ...

Because it is necessary for assessors to prepare value estimates for huge numbers of properties, all at a specific point in time each year, a process called computer assisted mass appraisal (CAMA), which uses Automated Valuation Models (AVMs), has evolved during the past 35 years to handle the logistic challenge presented by the task. Several CAMA methodologies using different AVMs exist for de...