We have isolated two spontaneous mutations that increase the expression of the Tn9-derived cat gene in Bacillus subtilis. These mutations, which appear to affect initiation of translation of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT; acetyl-CoA:chloramphenicol 3-O-acetyltransferase, EC 2.3.1.28) consist of a tandem duplication and triplication of a 55-base-pair sequence located at the 5' end of ca...

New results of NA61/SHINE on determination of charged hadron yields in proton-carbon interactions are presented. They aim to improve predictions of the neutrino flux in the T2K experiment. The data were recorded using a secondary-proton beam of 31 GeV/c momentum from CERN SPS which impinges on a graphite target. To determine the inclusive production cross section for charged pions, kaons and pr...

Insect eyes are composed of spectrally heterogeneous ommatidia, typically with three different types. The ommatidial heterogeneity in butterflies can be identified non-invasively by the colorful eye shine, the reflection from the tapetal mirror located at the proximal end of the ommatidia, which can be observed by epi-illumination microscopy. Since the color of eye shine is determined by the sp...

Caulobacter crescentus undergoes an asymmetric cell division controlled by a genetic circuit that cycles in space and time. We provide a universal strategy for defining the coding potential of bacterial genomes by applying ribosome profiling, RNA-seq, global 5'-RACE, and liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS) data to the 4-megabase C. crescentus genome. We mapped tr...

The NA61 Collaboration: N. Abgrall23, A. Aduszkiewicz24, B. Andrieu11, T. Anticic13, N. Antoniou18, A. G. Asryan15, B. Baatar9, A. Blondel23, J. Blumer5, L. Boldizsar10, A. Bravar23, J. Brzychczyk8, S. A. Bunyatov9, F. Cafagna19, M. G. Catanesi19, K.-U. Choi12, P. Christakoglou18, P. Chung16, J. Cleymans1, D. A. Derkach15, F. Diakonos18, W. Dominik24, J. Dumarchez11, R. Engel5, A. Ereditato21, ...

Over the past several years there has been growing interest in the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in both the general population and among people living with HIV infection. Vitamin D deficiency in the setting of HIV infection is likely multi-factorial with contributions from environmental factors as well as possible associations with HIV therapy. This lecture will highlight recent data...

Environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) is a virtually ubiquitous, but poorly defined, disorder of the small intestine among people living in conditions of poverty, which begins early in infancy and persists. EED is characterized by altered gut structure and function, leading to reduced absorptive surface area and impaired intestinal barrier function. It is hypothesized that recurrent exposure ...