Abstract: On December 2010, the government of Iran ended the decades-long subsidy program for bread and energy products and launched the Targeted Subsidy Reform program that considerably raised prices of food products. The objective of the study was to measure welfare impacts of food price changes on Iranian urban households between two survey data of 2009/10 and 2011/12 which were taken from I...

This paper examines how prices set by multinational firms vary across arm’s-length and related-party customers. We find that arm’s length prices are substantially and significantly higher than related party prices for U.S.-based multinational exporters. The price difference is large even when comparing the export of the same good by the same firm to the same destination country in the same mont...

Though individual demand and supply equations can readily be expressed in logit models, closed-form solutions for equilibrium shares and prices are intractable due to the presence of products of polynomial and exponential terms. This hinders the employment of logit models in theoretical studies, and also makes it difficult to develop reduced-form expressions for share and price as a function of...

Land can be used in several ways to mitigate climate change, but especially under changing environmental conditions there may be implications for food prices. Using an integrated global system model, we explore the roles that these land-use options can play in a global mitigation strategy to stabilize Earth's average temperature within 2 °C of the preindustrial level and their impacts on agricu...

This study aimed to analyze the effect of Net Profit Margin (NPM) and Earning per share (EPS) on stock prices either partially or simultaneously in Ceramic, Porcelain Glass Sub-Sector Listed Indonesia Stock Exchange for 2012-2018 period. The research method used is a quantitative with descriptive verification approach. data analysis statistical using SPSS software. independent variables this ar...

BACKGROUND To assess the effect of policies supporting local medicine production to improve access to medicines. METHODS We adapted the WHO/HAI instruments measuring medicines availability and prices to differentiate local from imported products, then pilot tested in Ethiopia and Tanzania. In each outlet, prices were recorded for all products in stock for medicines on a country-specific list....

We present the first nationwide index of directly-measured land values by metropolitan area and investigate their relationship with housing prices. Construction prices and geographic and regulatory constraints are shown to increase the cost of housing relative to land. On average, approximately one-third of housing costs are due to land, with an increasing share in higher-value areas, implying ...

During the late 1990s high technology growth stock prices were raised to unprecedented levels by avid stock purchasers around the world. In early 2000, share prices subsequently underwent prolonged declines, leaving many purchasers with devastating losses. This article reviews some aspects of the history of the St. Petersburg paradox and some related games. We recount a remarkable article by Du...