This article considers the varying K-factor of Rician channels and attempts to derive an upper bound on the K-factor of an indoor Radio Frequency Identification Tag channel based solely on the physical shape of the area in which experiments are conducted. The K-factor is found to be highly dependent upon the physical size and shape of the area in which the channel exists. Ray-tracing is used in...

The genus Inula L. belongs to tribe Inuleae (Asteraceae) with about 100 species in the world. In this study, leaf in cross section and epidermis in superficial view were studied. Twenty one characters were used for separating the species with an identification key. The most important characters like kind of hairs, shape of epidermal cells on both surfaces, stomata in superficial view and in cro...

The concept of shape-manifold is applied here to the optimization of a deep drawn blank considering parameterized tool geometries. By adopting this concept, a realistic post-springback shape of the blank closest to a given ideal target shape is obtained. The global approach is fully automated, from the generation of the tool geometries, to the identification of the optimized design parameters. ...

Edge geometric measurement analysis is an important method of image understanding and portraying the target feature. In this paper, we compress 17 interrelated shape descriptors which are based on edge geometric measure into 6 independent components, and discuss their meanings by using principal component analysis. The analyses in this article provide guidance for the shape feature optimization...

This paper describes a new approach for speaker identification based on lipreading. Visual features are extracted from image sequences of the talking face and consist of shape parameters which describe the lip boundary and intensity parameters which describe the grey-level distribution of the mouth area. Intensity information is based on principal component analysis using eigenspaces which defo...

This paper proposes a human identification system via extracted electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. Two hierarchical classification structures based on global shape feature and local statistical feature is used to extract ECG signals. Global shape feature represents the outline information of ECG signals and local statistical feature extracts the information between signals in time domain. Genetic...