It is the assertion of this paper that Informing Science (IS) framework (Cohen, 2009) gives insufficient attention to role of the client, a failing traced to the framework’s derivation from the Shannon-Weaver model of communication (Shannon & Weaver, 1949). The IS framework ignores developments in information and communication technology (ICT) and human rights and the resulting emergence of a c...

Intratumoral genetic heterogeneity leads to tumor progression and therapeutic resistance. However, due to the difficulty associated with its assessment, the use of this heterogeneity as a prognostic or predictive marker remains limited. To investigate the significance of the Shannon diversity index of gene copy number variation as a tool for measuring genetic heterogeneity in breast cancer, we ...

In some cases,the Shannon code does not perform optimally. Consider a Bernoulli random variable X with parameter 0.0001. An optimal encoding requires only one bit to encode the value of X. The Shannon code would encode 0 by 1 bit and encode 1 by log 104 bits. This is good on average but bad in the worst case. We can also compare the Shannon code to the Huffman code. The Huffman code always has ...

A new set of time-dependent deterministic sampling (TDDS) measures, based on local Shannon entropy, are presented to adaptively gauge the importance of various regions on a potential energy surface and to be employed in "on-the-fly" quantum dynamics. Shannon sampling and Shannon entropy are known constructs that have been used to analyze the information content in functions: for example, time-s...

5 Information 15 5.1 Information As Surprise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 5.2 Average Shannon Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 5.3 How Surprised Should You Be? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 5.4 Entropy As Average Shannon Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 5.5 Dicing...

genetic structure and pathogenic diversity of sclerotinia sclerotiorum, the causal agent of canola white stem rot, were assessed through mycalial compatibility groupings (mcgs), a comparison and comparing of isolate virulence. fifty-seven isolates from three different regions in golestan province were selected for mycelial compatibility and as well for virulence tests. within the 57 tested isol...

The Rényi entropy is a generalization of Shannon entropy to a one-parameter family of entropies. Tsallis entropy too is a generalization of Shannon entropy. The measure for Tsallis entropy is non-logarithmic. After the introduction of Shannon entropy , the conditional Shannon entropy was derived and its properties became known. Also, for Tsallis entropy, the conditional entropy was introduced a...

The relationship between the diversity of mixed-species microbial consortia and their electrogenic potential in the anodes of microbial fuel cells was examined using different diversity measures as predictors. Identical microbial fuel cells were sampled at multiple time-points. Biofilm and suspension communities were analysed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis to calculate the number an...

Thermodynamic modeling of extensive systems usually implicitly assumes the additivity of entropy. Furthermore, if this modeling is based on the concept of Shannon entropy, additivity of the latter function must also be guaranteed. In this case, the constituents of a thermodynamic system are treated as subsystems of a compound system, and the Shannon entropy of the compound system must be subjec...

This paper demonstrates the performance of two possible CAT selection strategies for cognitive diagnosis. One is based on Shannon entropy and the other is based on Kullback-Leibler information. The performances of these two test construction methods are compared with random item selection. The cognitive diagnosis model used in this study is a simplified version of the Fusion model. Item banks a...