The complexity and dynamics of shallow water limit the performance of adaptive array processors. Matched field processors are especially sensitive since they require accurate environmental models to construct signal replica vectors. The long term goals are i) to determine processors performance limits and ii) to develop robust algorithms for adaptive array processing in shallow water for both a...

The scientific objectives of this research are: (1) to develop high-resolution methods for characterizing the spatial and temporal behavior of the normal mode field in shallow water; (2) to use this characterization as input data to inversion techniques for inferring the acoustic properties of the shallow water waveguide; and (3) to use this characterization to improve our ability to localize a...

Shallow lakes, particularly those in low-lying areas of the subtropics, are highly vulnerable to changes in climate associated with global warming. Many of these lakes are in tropical cyclone strike zones and they experience high inter-seasonal and inter-annual variation in rainfall and runoff. Both of those factors strongly modulate sediment–water column interactions, which play a critical rol...

to control the nonlinear numerical instability, throughout the time evolution of the eulerian form of the nonlinear rotating shallow water equations, it is necessary to add numerical diffusion to the solution. it is clear that, this extra numerical diffusion degrades the accuracy of the numerical solution and should be kept as small as possible. in a conventional approach a hyper-diffusion is u...

Root biomass distributions have long been used to infer patterns of resource uptake. These patterns are used to understand plant growth, plant coexistence and water budgets. Root biomass, however, may be a poor indicator of resource uptake because large roots typically do not absorb water, fine roots do not absorb water from dry soils and roots of different species can be difficult to different...

The development of large medium-speed catamarans aims increasing economic viability and reducing the possible negative influence on the environment of fast sea transportation. These vessels are likely to operate at hump speed where wave-making can be the dominating component of the total resistance. Shallow water may considerably amplify the wave-making and hence the overall drag force. Computa...

The integrable 3rd-order Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation emerges uniquely at linear order in the asymptotic expansion for unidirectional shallow water waves. However, at quadratic order, this asymptotic expansion produces an entire family of shallow water wave equations that are asymptotically equivalent to each other, under a group of nonlinear, nonlocal, normal-form transformations introduce...

The long-term scientific objective of this project is to increase our understanding of sound propagation in ocean bottom sediments, including water-saturated sands and muds, gas-bearing sands and muds, and sediments which support seagrass. This in turn benefits buried object detection, sonar operation and acoustic communications in shallow water. The proposed study includes continued analysis o...

The hydrodynamics in Lake Naivasha, a shallow endorheic lake, are simulated using the Delft3D Flow Module to investigate the major driving forces of hydrodynamics in the lake. The results showed wind as the major forcing. The shallow zones of the lake showed currents movement in the same direction as the wind while the deep zones showed currents movements against the wind direction. These findi...