[1] A 4.5-layer model of the Indian Ocean coupled to a four-component (NPZD) ecosystem model is used to study the phytoplankton bloom in the Bay of Bengal during the Northeast Monsoon of 1996. The model realistically simulates the surface chlorophyll bloom observed by satellite-derived ocean-color images in the western Bay of Bengal during that time. It also reproduces the subsurface chlorophyl...

Ecologists, ecohydrologists, and biogeochemists need detailed insights into belowground properties and processes, including changes in water, salts, and other elements that can influence ecosystem productivity and functioning. Relying on traditional sampling and observation techniques for such insights can be costly, time consuming, and infeasible, especially if the spatial scales involved are ...

Rain garden (RG) has been developed and applied to low-impact designs for the purpose of water quality enhancement. A RG consists of a surface storage basin and subsurface infiltrating layers. The storage basin is designed to be shallow, flat, and wide with an overtopping weir to pass excessive flows, while the subsurface infiltrating system is composed of two layers of filtering media. The upp...

The complex dynamics that lead to the emergence of active regions on the Sun are poorly understood. One possibility is that magnetic structures (flux tubes, etc.) rise from below the surface by self induction and convection that lead to the formation of active regions and sunspots on the solar surface. For space weather forecasting, one would like to detect the subsurface structures before they...

This paper aims to delineate the subsurface structures and their depths located in Isparta Angle region (SW Turkey) through aeromagnetic data. The dataset has been processed via well-known mathematical tools such as spectral analysis derivative methods. First, separate these anomalies from each other, completed high anomaly regions have determined around city. could be attributed fact that valu...

In geophysical exploration different types of measurements are used to probe the same subsurface region. In this paper we show that the wavelet transform can aid the process of linking different data types. The continuous wavelet transform, and in particular the analysis of amplitudes along wavelet transform modulus maxima lines, is a powerful tool to analyze the characteristic properties of lo...

[1] The role of bedrock fractures and rock mass strength is often considered a primary influence on the efficiency of surface processes and the morphology of landscapes. Quantifying bedrock characteristics at hillslope scales, however, has proven difficult. Here, we present a new field‐based method for quantifying the depth and apparent density of bedrock fractures within the shallow subsurface...

A stormwater infiltration basin in north-central Florida, USA, was monitored from 2007 through 2008 to identify subsurface biogeochemical processes, with emphasis on N cycling, under the highly variable hydrologic conditions common in humid, subtropical climates. Cyclic variations in biogeochemical processes generally coincided with wet and dry hydrologic conditions. Oxidizing conditions in the...

Warming air temperatures in the Arctic are modifying the rates of thermokarst processes along Alaska’s Arctic Coastal Plain. The Arctic Coastal Plain is dominated by thaw lakes. These kilometer-scale lakes are the most visible surface features in the region, and they provide important habitats for migratory birds. The lakes are formed by thermokarst processes, and are therefore susceptible to c...

The papers in the " Hydrothermal Vent " research topic cover a range of microbiological research in deep and shallow hydrothermal environments, from high temperature " black smokers, " to diffuse flow habitats and episodically discharging subsurface fluids, to the hydrothermal plumes. Together they provide a snapshot of current research interests in a field that has evolved rapidly since the di...