A softproofing system is required to faithfully display color images. As the user relies on an appropriate calibration of the system, a method for the evaluation of the quality of the calibration is required. Such a method has recently been developed and allows a critical side-by-side comparison between the original sample and the reproduced monitor image by placing the original directly in fro...

This paper aims to present a novel approach to conceptualize basic mechanics for exterior façade shading systems by investigating kinematics of complex plant movements that are based on reversible elastic deformations. In an interdisciplinary collaboration between architects, engineers, and biologists; autonomous and non-autonomous flower opening and leaf folding processes were tested for their...

This paper presents the relationship between daylighting performance and shading device design in the perimeter area of buildings. In the area of tropic and sub-tropic, designers always face with the contradiction between solar heat gain and daylighting using. Factors such as different type of shading device, material reflectance, fenestration design, opening ratio, and daylight distribution wi...

Solar shading designs are important for reduction of building energy consumption and improvement of indoor thermal environment. This paper carried out a number of building simulations for evaluation of the energy performance of different shading devices based on incremental costs. The results show that movable shading devices lower incremental costs by up to 50% compared with fixed ones for the...

Abstract The objective of this work was to compare the zootechnical performance Dorper x Santa Inês crossbred lambs finished in grazing systems on Megathyrsus maximus Aruana cultivar pasture, with and without shading, a feedlot. Twenty-four non-castrated were used completely randomized experimental design, three following treatments eight replicates each: 'Aruana' pasture shading + supplement; ...

The topic of this paper is optimized shading and lighting systems which consist of planar fins arranged along the edges of a quad-dominant base mesh, that mesh itself covering a reference surface. Such an arrangement can be observed e.g. in the Kogod courtyard roof designed by Foster + Partners for the National Portrait Gallery in Washington DC (Fig. 1): A reference surface consisting of three ...

Both non-Lambertian shading, specularities in particular, and occluding contours have ill-matched binocular disparities. For example, the disparities of specularities depend not only on a surface's position but also on its curvature. Shading and contour disparities do in general not specify a point on the surface. I investigated how shading and contours contribute to perceived shape in stereosc...

Nitrogen availability and illumination intensity are two key factors which affect rice growth. However, their influences on total nitrogen accumulation, photosynthetic rate, root morphologies, and yields are not fully understood. We conducted two field experiments to (1) evaluate the effects of shading under different N treatments on photosynthetic parameters, root morphologies, total nutrient ...

Physically grounded shading models have been known for many years, but they have only recently started to replace the " ad-hoc " models in common use for both film and game production. Compared to " ad-hoc " models, which require laborious tweaking to produce high-quality images, physically-based, energy-conserving shading models easily create materials that hold up under a variety of lighting ...