Open circuit voltage of a silicon solar cell is around 0.6V. A solar module is constructed by connecting a number of cells in series to get a practically usable voltage. Partial shading of a Solar Photovoltaic Module (SPM) is one of the main causes of overheating of shaded cells and reduced energy yield of the module. The present work is a study of harmful effects of partial shading on the perf...

The effect of natural shading on photosynthetic capacity and chloroplast thylakoid membrane function was examined in soybean (Glycine max. cv Young) under field conditions using a randomized complete block design. Seedlings were thinned to 15 plants per square meter at 20 days after planting. Leaves destined to function in the shaded regions of the canopy were tagged during early expansion at 4...

Shaded area = (A) Stages of EA covered in this chapter; (8) focus of this chapter; and (C) primary target readers.

In the present work, an integrated method of pole shape design optimization for reduction of torque pulsation components in permanent magnet synchronous motors is developed. A progressive design process is presented to find feasible optimal shapes. This method is applied on the pole shape optimization of two prototype permanent magnet synchronous motors, i.e., 4-poles/6-slots and 4-poles-12slots.

In Drosophila, polar plasm contains polar granules, which deposit the factors required for the formation of pole cells, germ line progenitors. Polar granules are tightly associated with mitochondria in early embryos, suggesting that mitochondria could contribute to pole cell formation. We have previously reported that mitochondrial large and small rRNAs (mtrRNAs) are transported from mitochondr...

Germline cell fate is specified by localized OSK, VAS and other components in the pole plasm of the Drosophila embryo. New work shows that a PIWI-mediated miRNA pathway contributes to this process by regulating OSK and VAS localization.