Archaeologists often argue whether Paleolithic works of art, cave paintings in particular, constitute reflections of the natural environment of humans at the time. They also debate the extent to which these paintings actually contain creative artistic expression, reflect the phenotypic variation of the surrounding environment, or focus on rare phenotypes. The famous paintings "The Dappled Horse...

The purpose of this study was to find out whether abilities to win races of different distances are different traits. Data included information on 14 665 starts of 1 646 Thoroughbreds, aged 2 to 9 years and on 10 862 starts of 1 145 Arab horses, aged 3 to 10 years. The data comprised seven racing distances for Thoroughbred horses, i.e. 1 000, 1 200, 1 300, 1 400, 1 600, 1 800, >1 800 m, and fiv...

The piaffe is an artificial, diagonally coordinated movement performed in the highest levels of dressage competition. ground reaction forces (GRFs) horses performing do not appear to have been reported. Therefore, objective this study was describe three-dimensional GRFs ridden piaffe. In-ground force plates were used capture fore and hindlimb GRF data from seven well-trained horses. Peak vertic...

It is almost 20 years since the largest observational, multicentre study evaluating risks of mortality associated with general anaesthesia in horses. We proposed an internet-based method to collect data (cleaned and analysed R) a multicentre, cohort, analytical, longitudinal prospective evaluate peri-operative equine mortality. The objective was report usefulness method, illustrated preliminary...

Typhoid disease or salmonellosis is a common sickness in horses. In several epidemiological studies inhospitalized horses, several serotypes of Salmonella often are predominant in nosocomial infections.Transportation, overcrowding, dehydration, oral antimicrobial therapy and infections are the risk factorswhich may activate latent or subclinical salmonellosis. In this study, t...

The objective of this study was to evaluate the intraocular pressure (IOP) healthy Criollo horses using a rebound tonometer throughout day. In addition, assessments were made in different ages. Twenty-seven horses, male and female, divided into three groups by age: Group I (3-5 years old), II (6-8 III: (9-16 old). Ophthalmic examinations performed Schirmer tear test, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, fl...

Every equine practitioner appreciates the delicate nature of the equine gut. Problems related to the small intestine and large intestine are well understood and routinely treated. What may be surprising to many is how often the stomach is affected. Specifically, the incidence of gastric ulcers is extremely high, particularly in performance horses. This article will review why horses suffer from...

The article reports on the floral records of seven plant taxa for Mangystau region: Cakile maritima (subsp. euxina), Epilobium hirsutum, Rosa canina, Hordeum murinum. Among finds, subsp. euxina is a new genus and species flora Kazakhstan, presumably it also grows northern shore Caspian Sea, in Atyrau (Kazakhstan) Astrakhan Regions (Russia). hirsutum canina are given first time Mangyshlak floris...

Remote measurements of different environmental parameters received during last 30 years are used for the synthesis of a Complex Simulation Model (CSM) describing the combined water regimes of the Aral-Caspian System (ACS) including the consideration of aquatic and climatic natural processes. The problem of stabilizing the sea levels of these two water bodies is modelled and a solution obtained ...