We reported previously that for Cyg X-1 there is a settling period following the transition from hard to soft state (Cui et al. 1996). During the transiton, The low energy spectrum (below ∼ 10 keV) varies significantly from observation to observation while the high energy portion changes little. The source reaches nominal soft-state brightness during the settling period. It can be characterized...

We consider hot, two-temperature, viscous accretion onto a rotating, unmagnetized neutron star. We assume Coulomb coupling between the protons and electrons, and free-free cooling from the electrons. We show that the accretion flow has an extended settling region which can be described by means of two analytical self-similar solutions: a two-temperature solution which is valid in an inner zone,...

We explore the properties of turbidity currents down a slope into a stratified saline ambient through highly resolved direct Navier-Stokes simulations, and compare our results to experimental results and analytical scaling arguments. Turbidity currents are buoyancy-driven flows where a denser fluid, charged with suspended particles, propagates through a lighter fluid under the effect of gravity...

The transport of fine-grained particles in estuarine and coastal waters is influenced by flocculation processes (aggregation and floc breakup). As a consequence, the particle size varies with time in the water column, and can be orders of magnitude larger than those of primary particles. In this study the variations in floc size is simulated using a size-resolved method, which approximates the ...

The bird cherry-oat aphid Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) transmits the nonpersistent Potato virus Y (PVY) to seed potatoes. Planting a nonvirus host plant around the main crop can reduce PVY incidence, because aphids tend to land in high numbers at the edge of a field and the crop border acts as a virus sink. This study determined R. padi landing and settling preferences and reproductive rates on thre...

Aerobic granular sludge is attractive for high-rate biological wastewater treatment. Biomass wash-out conditions stimulate the formation of aerobic granules. Deteriorated performances in biomass settling and nutrient removal during start-up have however often been reported. The effect of wash-out dynamics was investigated on bacterial selection, biomass settling behavior, and metabolic activiti...

In this paper, a novel non-smooth robust control approach is presented for robotic manipulators. By using decimal power rule in Lyapunov redesign methods, the conventional robust control for robot is improved. Our approach can achieve higher control precision with faster convergence speed. The formulations of estimating residual set and settling time have been initially established. The practic...

This paper presents a new compensation method for fully differential two-stage CMOS operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs). It employs a hybrid cascode compensation scheme, merged Ahuja and improved Ahuja style compensations, for fast settling. A design procedure for minimum settling time of the proposed compensation technique for a two-stage class A/AB OTA is described. To demonstrate ...