This paper presents an agent-based complex system simulation of settlement structure change using methods derived from entropy maximization modeling. The approach is applied to model the movement of people and goods in urban settings to study how settlement size hierarchy develops. While entropy maximization is well known for assessing settlement structure change over different spatiotemporal s...

There is extensive literature examining changes in divorce rates focusing on the effects of changes in divorce laws. Previous analysis omits reforms that introduced changes in divorce settlements. This might in somehow obscure the impact of unilateral reforms on divorce rates. In this paper, we extend on the previous analyses offering insights on the impact of unilateral divorce on divorce rate...

INTRODUCTION Pre-trial settlement is a mechanism widely used to avoid needless and drawn out litigation. 1 Pre-trial settlement not only reduces the burden on overcrowded court dockets, but also provides an injured party with a relatively quick source of compensation. 2 Allowing both parties to negotiate a mutually satisfactory solution is often preferable to judicial resolution.' The number of...

he use of real-time gross settlement (RTGS) systems for the settlement of large-value payments offers considerable advantages, the principal one being the elimination of the credit risk that can arise between participants in deferred net settlement systems. However, in comparison with deferred net settlement systems, RTGS systems require relatively large amounts of liquidity to support payment ...

Although the Google Books Settlement has been criticized as anticompetitive, I conclude that this critique is mistaken. For out-of-copyright books, the settlement procompetitively expands output by clarifying which books are in the public domain and making them digitally available for free. For claimed in-copyright books, the settlement procompetitively expands output by clarifying who holds th...

INTRODUCTION ................................................................................... 491 I. THE GENESIS OF THE PROPOSED GOOGLE BOOK SETTLEMENT ............................................................................ 492 II. MIXED REACTIONS TO THE PSA ............................................ 494 III. ACADEMIC AUTHOR OBJECTIONS TO THE PASA ................ 497 A. The Authors G...

Settlement of kelp-associated organisms may vary as they are delivered to (and through) giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) forests, with implications for local population dynamics and community structure. Previous work suggests that settlement of invertebrates with long pelagic durations would be reduced as they move from an offshore environment toward the interior of kelp forests due to dampene...

Under a real-time gross settlement (RTGS) system, there is an incentive for system participants to delay making their outgoing payments to facilitate their funding, and this creates the risk of settlement delays spreading throughout the entire system. Intraday credit facility and market practices have been established to avoid the risk and led to settlement concentration in the morning, as well...

s: We conducted field surveys to monitor the population dynamics of short-neck clam, Ruditapes philippinarum, in Hichirippu Lagoon, in eastern Hokkaido, Japan, focussing on the negative impact of extremely low temperatures during the winter on juveniles in the post-settlement period. The clam population had a short annual breeding season between September and November. The newly settled juvenil...

numerical analysis of longitudinal and transverse surface settlement induced by epb tunneling- a case study: shiraz subway tunnels reza rahmannejad; mahdi esfandiary; eshagh namazi; hamed jamshidi             determination of the racking reduction factor for an incomplete ellipse shaped tunnel considering the soil-structure interaction mohammad reza momenzadeh; mohammad reza mansoori; armin azi...