Hepatitis C virus (HCV) envelope glycoproteins E1 and E2 were used with MF59 adjuvant as a candidate vaccine for a phase 1 safety and immunogenicity trial. Ten of 41 vaccinee serum samples displayed a neutralization titer of > or =1:20 against vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-HCV pseudotype, 15 of 36 serum samples tested had a neutralization titer of > or =1:400 against human immunodeficiency v...

The need for an efficient, practical, and accurate laboratory method for measuring dengue virus neutralizing antibody has been recognized by virologists concerned with arboviruses. Methods previously used include measurement of log neutralization indices by serial virus dilution tests with constant serum in suckling mice (1) or tissue culture tubes (2), or measurement of serum titers in sucklin...

Soluble antigen prepared from pseudorabies virus-infected embryonic pig kidney cells was used to demonstrate the presence of pseudorabies virus antibodies in sera taken from naturally and experimentally infected swine. Antibody could be detected by agar-gel immunodiffusion as early as 14 days postexposure and was demonstrable at least 3 months after experimental infection (the longest period te...

A radioimmunoassay (RIA) procedure is described for measuring antibodies to alphaviruses in human and other mammalian sera. The test employed protein Abearing Staphylococcus aureus as a solid-phase immunoadsorbent for (3)H-labeled viruses complexed with immunoglobulin G. Using antibodies produced in humans and guinea pigs, the RIA procedure clearly differentiated among antibodies to Venezuelan,...

1. The agglutination titer for chicken red cells of freshly prepared or carefully stored suspensions of PR8 influenza virus, that is to say virus of maximum pathogenicity, was found to be proportional to the mouse lethal titer of the same preparations. 2. The agglutination titer of infected allantoic fluid procured in a standard way is relatively constant, regardless of the influenza strain use...

Influenza C virus possesses specific neuraminate-O-acetylesterase as a receptor-destroying function. This enzymatic activity of the viral glycoprotein HEF (Hemagglutinin, esterase activity and fusion factor) can be visualized in situ by the use of distinct color substrates. Hereby the localization, as well as the quantity of synthesized HEF protein is detectable. We further developed the estera...

To the Editor: Saffold virus (SAFV) is a new human virus belonging to the genus Cardiovirus of the family Picornaviridae (1–6). The virus has also been named human Theiler's-like cardiovirus (4). To date, 8 SAFV genotypes are known, based on molecular variation in the P1 region, which codes for the viral capsid (5). SAFVs are detected in respiratory and fecal samples from infants and children <...

A liquid phase blocking ELISA (LPB-ELISA) was developed for the detection and measurement of antibodies against infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). The purified and nonpurified virus used as antigen, the capture and detector antibodies, and the chicken hyperimmune sera were prepared and standardized for this purpose. A total of 156 sera from vaccinated and 100 from specific pathogen-free chicken...