Abstract The crosstalk between the immune and neuroendocrine system is critical for intestinal homeostasis gut-brain communications. However, it remains unclear how cells participate in gut sensation of hormones release response to environmental cues, such as self microbial lipids. We show here that lipid-mediated engagement invariant natural killer T (iNKT) with enterochromaffin (EC) cells, a ...

The role of peripheral serotonin in nervous system development is poorly understood. Tryptophan hydroxylase-1 (TPH1) is expressed by non-neuronal cells including enterochromaffin cells of the gut, mast cells and the pineal gland and is the rate-limiting enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of peripheral serotonin. Serotonin released into circulation is taken up by platelets via the serotonin tra...

serotonin (5-ht), a mono-aminergic neurotransmitter is biochemically derived from tryptophan and is mainly found in gastrointestinal tract, platelets and central nervous system of animals. serotonin (5-ht) in coordination with hypothalamus plays an important role in the cns control of appetite, eating behavior, and energy balance and body weight. it has a special role in control of carbohydrate...

The endocrine cells in the gastrointestinal tract of the musk shrew were studied immunohistochemically. Eleven kinds of endocrine cells, immunoreactive for serotonin, somatostatin, gastrin, cholecistokinin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide, motilin, secretin, neurotensin, pancreatic glucagon, enteroglucagon and bovine pancreatic polypeptide, were revealed. In the stomach, serotonin-, somatostatin...

The serotonin and histamine content of mast cells and white blood cells in adult male and female rats was compared, using a flow cytometric immunological method. Serotonin was significantly higher in female peritoneal mast cells, peritoneal monocyte-ganulocyte-macrophage cells, blood lymphocytes and blood thymocytes. Histamine was significantly higher in female peritoneal monocyte-granulocyte-m...

The nervous and immune systems influence each other, allowing animals to rapidly protect themselves from changes in their internal and external environment. However, the complex nature of these systems in mammals makes it difficult to determine how neuronal signaling influences the immune response. Here we show that serotonin, synthesized in Caenorhabditis elegans chemosensory neurons, modulate...

Sensitization of the gill and siphon withdrawal reflex in the marine mollusc, Aplysia california, is a simple form of learning Underlying this behavioral changes is a cascade of biochemical events. The first step in this cascade is postulated to be an increase in cAMP within the sensory neurons of the abdominal ganglion. We have developed a labeling protocol with 32Pi which permits us to measur...

The regional distribution and frequency of the pancreatic endocrine cells in the splenic lobe of grass lizard, Takydromus wolteri, were studied by immunohistochemical (PAP) method using six types of specific mammalian antisera against bovine Sp-1/chromogranin (bCG), serotonin, insulin, glucagon, somatostatin and human pancreatic polypeptide (hPP). The pancreas was subdivided into two regions--i...

Spinal serotonin is derived entirely from bulbar sources and plays an important role in spinal modulatory processes, including pain modulation. Establishing the electrophysiological properties of SEROTONERGIC bulbospinal neurons in the pontomedullary raphe and reticular formation is critical to understanding the physiological role of serotonin in the spinal cord. Neurons were characterized by t...

The nuclear receptors “NR4As” productive pathway is the so important pathways for activating classic estrogen and are regulating adopted cellular anti-inflammatory growth(mediated by glucocorticoids, Nrf2, Ang2-AT2, VEGF-A synthesis) which considered as basic B-arrestins synthesis adopt B Adrenergic, Nrf2 synthesis, that strong activator to ACE functions promoting Ang2-AT2 running growth heme o...