Biomass burning is an essential part of slash-and-burn (S&B) agriculture, which is widely practiced as an important food production system in the tropical mountains of Southeast Asia. S&B agriculture used to be sustainable and carbon neutral; CO2 emissions by biomass burning were balanced with photosynthetic biomass growth, and land use was stable. However, due to drastic land-use change in the...

Abstract There has been a transformation in the number and scope of criminal laws relating to forms market misconduct. Surprisingly, however, this area law is not one that systematically explored recent writing about criminalisation. However, concepts such as white-collar crime, or financial which are widely used describe area, poorly defined offer little analytic clarity. This paper argues tak...