ABSTRACT DNA fingerprinting has been used extensively to characterize populations of Mycosphaerella graminicola, the Septoria tritici blotch pathogen of wheat. The highly polymorphic DNA fingerprints of Mycosphaerella graminicola were assumed to reflect the action of transposable elements. However, there was no direct evidence to support that conclusion. To test the transposable element hypothe...

Zymoseptoria tritici is the causal agent of Septoria blotch, most important disease affecting wheat crops and responsible for up to 50% loss in yield. Azoles SDHIs are main groups fungicides used control disease. The efficacy these has decreased recent years due resistance development. Fungicide can be a result mutations target genes, upstream regulatory elements that over-expression proteins o...

Today’s agriculture is not only confronted with the production of food and animal food, but also with aspects of environmental protection. In today’s crop production, there is an increasing pressure to reduce the use of pesticides, to decrease the environmental impact and to lower potential production costs. It is therefore imperative that pesticides are only applied when and where needed. Dise...