OBJECTIVE To determine types and frequency of ophthalmic lesions detected in neonatal foals evaluated for nonophthalmic disease at 3 veterinary referral hospitals and to investigate associations between systemic and ophthalmic diseases in these foals. DESIGN Prospective cross-sectional study. ANIMALS 70 foals < 30 days old. PROCEDURES Complete ophthalmic examinations were performed. Signa...

Sepsis, the systemic response to infection, is the leading cause of death in intensive care units, worldwide. Mortality rates of sepsis exceed 20%, highlighting the need for new approaches of therapy for this disease. Intravenous fluid resuscitation plays a crucial role in sepsis therapy. Most preclinical studies demonstrate an association between IV fluid therapy and improved outcomes in sepsi...

The triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) is an immunoreceptor whose role is to amplify the inflammatory response mediated by the engagement of Toll-like and NOD-like receptors. As the expression of TREM-1 is believed to be upregulated during infection, this protein has been studied as a sepsis biomarker. In the previous issue of Critical Care, Su and colleagues reported on ...

Neonatal sepsis continues to be a common and significant health care burden, especially in very-low-birth-weight infants (VLBW<1500 g). Though intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis has decreased the incidence of early-onset group B streptococcal infection dramatically, it still remains a major cause of neonatal sepsis. Moreover, some studies among VLBW preterm infants have shown an increase in ear...

Sepsis and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, its form disease 2019 (COVID-19), represent the major medical challenges of modern era. Therapeutic options are limited, mostly symptomatic, partially relying on antibodies corticosteroids and, in case SARS-CoV-2 supplemented by antiviral drug remdesivir, more recently molnupiravir, nirmatrelvir/ritonavir, Janus ...

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are transmembrane proteins acting mainly as sensors of microbial components. Triggering TLRs results in increased expression of multiple inflammatory genes, which then play a protective role against infection. However, aberrant activation of TLR signaling has a significant impact on the onset of cancer, allergy, sepsis and autoimmunity. Various adaptor proteins, inclu...

Early neonatal sepsis mainly has bacterial etiology – 84%, less often fungal 12%, otherwise viral and parasitic etiology. According to the European Center for Disease Control Prevention (CDC), occurrence of in newborns is closely related birth weight gestational age, as well skin color. It was established, particular, that most severe types occur children weighing 400–1500 g at than 30 weeks ge...

Neonatal sepsis is a leading cause of neonatal mortality. Congenital heart disease accounts for additional risk of sepsis in neonates. Here we report a case of Down's syndrome with late onset neonatal sepsis associated with multiple superficial skin abscesses simulating staphylococcal infection. The baby was empirically treated with vancomycin. Subsequently, multidrug resistant Klebsiella pneum...

In the first half of the 20th century, the polio pandemic spread across much of the world, afflicting hundreds of thousands each year. Mounting a response to this global health crisis required consensus, common language, and dedication among lawmakers, philanthropists , industrialists, patient advocates , and healthcare providers. A diverse group from many industries, both public and private, c...