We demonstrate a wide-angle electron beam splitter capable of producing 1 cm beam separation at the detection plane. The beam splitter utilizes a nanofabricated periodic grating in combination with a bi-prism element. In contrast to devices utilizing only bi-prism elements, the use of the periodic grating causes amplitude, and not wavefront, splitting. Even at maximum separation, beam profiles ...

The Casimir force is the attraction between uncharged metallic surfaces as a result of quantum mechanical vacuum fluctuations of the electromagnetic field. We demonstrate the Casimir effect in microelectromechanical systems using a micromachined torsional device. Attraction between a polysilicon plate and a spherical metallic surface results in a torque that rotates the plate about two thin tor...

In the title compound, C(10)H(11)N(2) (+)·PF(6) (-)·C(10)H(10)N(2), the H atom involved in protonation is disordered equally between the cation and the neutral mol-ecule. The dihedral angle between the phenyl and imidazole rings is 82.6 (2)°. In the crystal structure, there are head-to-tail π-π stacking inter-actions between imidazole rings; the inter-planar separation is 3.295 (1) Å and the ce...

The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) to be installed on the International Space Station (ISS) will be equipped with a proximity focusing Ring Imaging Čerenkov detector (RICH). Reconstruction of the Čerenkov angle and the electric charge with RICH are discussed. A likelihood method for the Čerenkov angle reconstruction was applied leading to a velocity determination for protons with a resolutio...

Equations of motion of an axially symmetric sphere rolling and sliding on a plane are usually taken as model of the tippe top. We study these equations in the nonsliding regime both in the vector notation and in the Euler angle variables when they admit three integrals of motion that are linear and quadratic in momenta. In the Euler angle variables (θ, φ, ψ) these integrals give separation equa...

In the title compound, C(18)H(21)NO(4), the hydrogenated six-membered ring of the carbazole unit adopts a half-chair conformation. The dioxolane ring and ethyl-acetate substituent point to opposite sides of the carbazole plane. The ethyl-acetate substituent adopts an essentially fully extended conformation, and its mean plane forms a dihedral angle of 83.8 (1)° with respect to the carbazole mea...

active flow control has great importance in design of flying objects in general and control flaps in particular. using dielectric barrier discharge as plasma actuators over control flaps can cause a change in position of separation point or can eliminate it. this new flow control device produces a body force that causes generating a micro wall jet. the present study aims to investigate experime...

Frequency domain adaptive antenna array (FDAAA) is an effective method to suppress interference caused by frequency selective fading and multiple-access interference (MAI) in single-carrier (SC) transmission. However, the performance of FDAAA receiver will be affected by the antenna placement parameters such as antenna separation and spread of angle of arrival (AOA). On the other hand, hybrid f...

This paper reports an improved paradigm to measure visible persistence. The stimulus is a pair of lines stroboscopically displayed in successive positions moving in opposite directions. The subjects' judgement of simultaneous appearance of all the presented lines is used to estimate visible persistence. This paradigm permitted independent manipulation of spatial and temporal stimulus separation...

In the title compound, C(15)H(12)F(2)N(2)O, the dihedral angle between the two benzene rings is 48.73 (8)°. The hydrazine group is twisted slightly, with a C-N-N-C torsion angle of 172.48 (12)°. In the crystal, mol-ecules are connected by strong N-H⋯O and weak C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming supra-molecular chains along the c axis. The structure is consolidated by π-π [centroid-centroid separatio...