Abstract Nut shape is an important trait in determining the value of a pecan ( Carya illinoensis ) nut crop. influences attractiveness to consumers, filling, ease mechanical cracking, and distinctive enough that it primary means cultivar identification. Narrow sense heritability (h 2 fraction phenotypic variance attributed variation genes with additive effect. Estimation h key breeding programs...

paragraph One of the major developments in recent years in the search for missing heritability of human phenotypes is the adoption of linear mixed-effects models (LMMs) to estimate heritability due to genetic variants which are not significantly associated with the phenotype 1. A variant of the LMM approach has been adapted to case-control studies and applied to many major diseases 2–5 , succes...

Watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai] production in the United States has, in the past few years, incurred significant losses to races 1W and 2WU.S. powdery mildew (Podosphaera xanthii) infection. We report the mode of inheritance, gene action, and heritability of race 2WU.S. resistance in two populations derived from a cross involving the resistant genotype pI 189225 and the ...

The classical twin design (CTD) circumvents parameter indeterminacy by assuming (1) negligible higher-order epistasis; and (2) either nonadditive genetic or common environmental effects are nonexistent, creating two potential sources of bias (Eaves et al., 1978; Grayson, 1989). Because the extended twin-family design (ETFD) uses many more unique covariance observations to estimate parameters, c...

Knowledge of dominance effects should improve ge-netic evaluations, provide the accurate selection of purebred animals, and enable better breeding strategies, including the exploitation of het-erosis in crossbreeds. In this study, we combined genomic and pedi-gree data to study the relative importance of additive and dominance genetic variation in growth and carcass traits in an F2 pig populati...

The present study aimed to determine the genetic divergence of seven maize genotypes (Al-Maha, Sumer, Al-Fajr, Baghdad, 5018, 4 × 1 single hybrid, and 2 hybrid) under two varied levels nitrogen fertilization (92 276 kg N ha-1). experiment occurred in 2022 a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with split-plot arrangement three replications at College Agricultural Engineering Sciences, Univer...