the area of bargaining mechanisms has been well explored in both multi-agent systems and economics. in bargaining, participants raise/reduce their offers until an agreement is hopefully reached. in this dynamic environment, finding superior agreements without having the knowledge about the strategic private information of the counterpart is considerable. in this paper, we present a simple semi-...

For an arbitrary ring $R$, the zero-divisor graph of $R$, denoted by $Gamma (R)$, is an undirected simple graph that its vertices are all nonzero zero-divisors of $R$ in which any two vertices $x$ and $y$ are adjacent if and only if either $xy=0$ or $yx=0$. It is well-known that for any commutative ring $R$, $Gamma (R) cong Gamma (T(R))$ where $T(R)$ is the (total) quotient ring of $R$. In this...