BACKGROUND The Federal excise tax was increased for tobacco products on April 1, 2009. While excise tax rates prior to the increase were the same for roll-your-own (RYO) and pipe tobacco, the tax on pipe tobacco was $21.95 per pound less than the tax on RYO tobacco after the increase. Subsequently, tobacco manufacturers began labeling loose tobacco as pipe tobacco and marketing these products t...

The present research was conducted to build a conceptual model of internal effective factors of small and medium enterprises in Mazandaran Province. To accomplish the goal of the research first, a complete review of the related literature was conducted. Second, questionnaires were given to the corresponding population. Finally, the gathered data were calculated and analyzed using SPSS, Exce...

since the jurisprudential traditions have accepted clearly buying & selling the hunter dogs and there is no available jurisprudential traditions about other species of dogs like as flock, garden and..., many of the jurists don't accept the trading and selling of those dogs. but deliberating upon traditions show that the buying & selling of those dogs is correct and there is no problem. in ...

Pharmaceutical companies have been forced to change their approach to selling over-the-counter (OTC) medicines because of the increased pressure on sales margins. The development of Web 2.0, Web 3.0, and social media technologies allow low-cost online marketing, including e-commerce. An organisational adaptation has to cope with the changes in the OTC drug market is required because of the wide...

This study examines the marketing system of small ruminants in three different agro-climatic zones of Karnataka in India. Multistage random sampling technique was used to select 60 small ruminant farmers from three viz. Bijapur (Arid zone), Gulbarga (Semi-arid zone) and Udupi (Coastal zone) district of Karnataka state. A structured questionnaire which had earlier been subject to face validity a...

Smallholding in the cocoa sector has been seen as a hindrance to production and productivity growth due to the ageing of the cocoa farmers, limited access to credit, low level of education and low adoptability of innovations. In order to curb this, policy makers have resorted to implementing policy instruments that encourage the extension of small rural farms into larger farms, thereby undermin...

Marketing is not just developing, selling and delivering products; it creating a long-term relationship with customers, known as marketing. However, some of the constructs are redundant overlapping. Establishing marketing in service sector will bring many advantages competitive edge. Variables identified listed using systematic literature review approach. To finish, process eliminating variable...

This paper explores the reliability of Webster’s (1990) instrument for measuring the marketing culture of an organisation. Using data from 1400 Western Australian employees of a large national public sector service organisation, a detailed analysis is made of the reliability of Webster’s(1990) six dimensions. These dimensions of service quality, interpersonal relationships, selling task, organi...