In August 2007, several horses showed pyrexia and respiratory signs while in post-arrival quarantine in Australia. Subsequent investigations diagnosed equine influenza by serology and PCR in two quarantine stations. A common origin in a shipment of horses from Japan was indicated.

in this paper, we present a binary-linear optimization model to prevent the spread of an infectious disease in a community. the model is based on the remotion of some connections in a contact network in order to separate infected nodes from the others. by using this model we nd an exact optimal solution and determine not only the minimum number of deleted links but also their exact positions. ...

BACKGROUND The transmission of infectious disease amongst the human population is a complex process which requires advanced, often individual-based, models to capture the space-time details observed in reality. METHODS An Individual Space-Time Activity-based Model (ISTAM) was applied to simulate the effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical control measures including: (1) refraining from social act...

Citrus exports to foreign markets are severely limited today by fruit diseases. Some of them, like citrus canker, black spot and scab, are quarantine for the markets. For this reason, it is important to perform strict controls before fruits are exported to avoid the inclusion of citrus affected by them. Nowadays, technical decisions are based on visual diagnosis of human experts, highly depende...

Patients who self-quarantine were carried out to break the chain from spread of COVID-19 virus, but a new problem arose: solid medical B3 waste originating these patients. If this is not managed properly, it can potentially transmit and be contaminated by infectious substances. Management patients was minimal because most people did know about it, there lack infrastructure government. Therefore...