1. Space Radiation Environment and Modeling • The Earth’s geomagnetic field and its effect on high-energy, ionizing particles including electrons, protons, and some heavy ions • The Earth's trapped radiation environment and Trapped radiation models, the characteristics of the Van Allen belts and South Atlantic Anomaly • Effects of trapped radiation on spacecraft and components • Space Weather c...

On Friday, 14 April 2017, a heavy flash flood occurred in North-West of Iran that affected 12 cities; the most severely affected and damaged ones were Ajabshir and Azarshahr in East Azerbaijan Province. These Flash floods claimed the lives of 42 people. Major casualties occurred when the victims were trapped inside their cars. According to preliminary analyses, flood damages in East Azerbaijan ...

hysteretic dampers as the most practical passive control methods have improved the seismic performance of steel structures through energy dissipation induced by large inelastic deformations. among them in this paper, kbf (knee braced frames), a special form of braced frames having a diagonal brace connected to a knee element instead of beam-column joint, is investigated. in such systems, the kn...

The main purpose of this paper was to use a combination of Energy-based design method and whale algorithm (WOA), hereinafter referred to as E-WOA, to optimize steel moment frames and improve the seismic performance. In E-WOA, by properly estimating the seismic input energy and determining the optimal mechanism for the structure, steel frames are designed based on the energy balance method; acco...

0006-3207/$ see front matter 2012 Elsevier Ltd. A http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2012.08.005 ⇑ Corresponding author. Address: Greenland Ins Strandgade 91, 3, DK-1016 Copenhagen, Denmark. T 32833801. E-mail address: [email protected] (M.P. Heide-Jørgen There is great interest in exploring and exploiting hydrocarbon resources in the Arctic, and one of themain methods of locating and assessing such...

seismic attribute is a quantitative measure of an interested seismic characteristic. there are several seismic attributes. in recent years, time-frequency (tf) attributes have been developed which to reach them, tf analyzing of seismic data is required. a high resolution tf representation (tfr) can yield more accurate tf attributes. there are several tfr methods including short-time fourier tra...

S U M M A R Y We propose a new, simple and efficient method to image electrical resistivity between a set of wells. Our procedure consists of two steps: first, we map the interfaces between various subsurface formations using seismoelectric conversions; second, we derive the formation resistivity using image-guided cross-well electric tomography. In the first step, we focus seismic energy at a ...

The extraordinary 1998 August 27 giant flare places strong constraints on the physical properties of its source, SGR 1900+14. We make detailed comparisons of the published data with the magnetar model, which identifies the Soft Gamma Repeaters as neutron stars endowed with ∼ 10 15 G magnetic fields. The giant flare evolved through three stages, whose radiative mechanisms we address in turn. The...

[1] Noise with periods 3 to 10 s, ubiquitous in seismic records, is expected to be mostly generated by pairs of ocean wave trains of opposing propagation directions with half the seismic frequency. Here we present the first comprehensive numerical model of microseismic generation by random ocean waves, including ocean wave reflections. Synthetic and observed seismic spectra are well correlated ...

Seismic trace interpolation can be formulated as an underdetermined least squares inverse problem. In order to force interpolation to follow the directions of seismic events, the weighting function is designed to build the interpolated energy along the desired direction. Usually, such a weighting function is built in the Fourier domain. However, when Fourier spectra are aliased, especially in t...