A correction procedure is proposed to account for the effect of secondary X-ray fluorescence near grain boundaries in electron microprobe analysis. The procedure is based on the Monte Carlo simulation method, which is used to calculate the X-ray spectrum emitted by the mineral couple (i.e., the mineral of interest with the neighboring mineral). The contribution of secondary fluorescence from th...

Raman microspectroscopy and quantitative backscattered electron imaging (qBEI) of bone are powerful tools to investigate bone material properties. Both methods provide information on the degree of bone matrix mineralization. However, a head-to-head comparison of these outcomes from identical bone areas has not been performed to date. In femoral midshaft cross sections of three women, 99 regions...

Introduction: In patients with low initial bone mass, alendronate treatment causes small increases in DXA derived areal bone mineral density (BMD) and large decreases in fracture incidence. An increase in bone balance (the difference between bone formed and that resorbed per remodeling cycle) is often cited as the primary cause of increased BMD in clinical trials. Although some evidence exists ...

OBJECTIVE To analyse the behaviour of bone mineral density (BMD) of total body, lumbar and thoracic spine, and compare it between different age-groups, ethnicity and gender as a secondary analysis of already published data of NHANES. METHODS The study was done and compared data of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey which was done from 1999 to 2006. It comprised bone mineral ...

BACKGROUND Osteoporosis is a common complication of untreated male hypogonadism. Even mild hypogonadism due to suboptimal testosterone replacement may result in decreased bone mineralization and osteoporosis. OBJECTIVE To assess bone mineral density in hypogonadal men following long-term long-acting subcutaneous testosterone pellet implants as replacement therapy. PATIENTS A cross-sectional...

Renal osteodystrophy is a significant complication in chronic kidney disease. This condition is referred to as mineral and bone disorders in chronic kidney disease, mainly because of its wider ranging impact, including an association with increased mortality and non-bone-related morbidity. Because most of the abnormalities that characterize mineral and bone disorders in chronic kidney disease (...

We apply a tool based on element distribution between orthopyroxene and clinopyroxene for quantifying rare earth element (REE) disequilibria in ultramafic rocks in the subsolidus state. We present case studies of the REE contents of mineral cores in mantle xenoliths and abyssal peridotites using in situ analytical tools. Even when only mineral cores are measured (to avoid enriched rims), equili...

INTRODUCTION The authors present IR spectra (0.9–2.5 μm) and narrowband photometry (3.0–3.5 μm) for low-albedo asteroids Ceres, Pallas, and Bamberga. The authors compare the major mineral absorption features to those found in primary carbonaceous chondrite matrix material (CCMM) and secondary alteration products. The observed differences between spectral reflectances between the three C-type as...

Dentin is a calcified tissue of the body, and along with enamel, cementum, and pulp is one of the four major components of teeth. Usually, it is covered by enamel on the crown and cementum on the root and surrounds the entire pulp. By weight, 70% of dentin consists of the mineral hydroxylapatite, 20% is organic material and 10% is water [3]. Secondary dentin may be defined as the dentin formed ...

Secondary hyperparathyroidism is an early complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Vitamin D deficiency and reduced synthesis of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (calcitriol) early in the progression of CKD leads to abnormal mineral metabolism. Vitamin D deficiency leads to increased parathyroid hormone and remodeling of bone that releases calcium and phosphorus, resulting in vascular calcification...