in this paper, we are going to improve the energy efficiency of an industrial c 3 mr base load lng plant by changing its refrigerant components and its mole fractions in liquefaction and subcooling cycles based on the cooling curves generated in the main liquefaction and subcooling heat exchangers. later on, selection features of the elements will be discussed. first, non-optimized c 3 mr plant...

The present study describes the effect of concept maps on learners’ achievement and interest for classroom teaching of the second law of thermodynamics to engineering students. Learners are encouraged to develop their individual concept maps of the second law of thermodynamics. The scores of the learners’ concept maps are compared with the score of the expert map developed by the teacher. After...

Alan Macdonald • Luther College • Decorah, IA 52101 USA • [email protected] 01/18/08 A new statement of the second law of thermodynamics is given. The law leads almost effortlessly, for very general closed systems, to a definition of absolute entropy S, a demonstration that ∆S ≥ 0 in adiabatic processes, a definition of temperature, and a demonstration that dS ≥ δQ/T along quasistatic process...

By employing the general expression of temperature Th = |κ|/2π = 1 2πr̃A (1 − ̇̃ rA 2Hr̃A ) associated with the apparent horizon of a FRW universe and assuming a region of FRW universe enclosed by the apparent horizon as a thermal system in equilibrium, we are able to show that the generalized second law of thermodynamics holds in Gauss-Bonnet gravity and in more general Lovelock gravity. PACS num...

The generalized second law of thermodynamics states that entropy always increases when all event horizons are attributed with an entropy proportional to their area. We test the generalized second law by investigating the change in entropy when dust, radiation and black holes cross a cosmological event horizon. We generalize for flat, open and closed Friedmann–Robertson–Walker universes by using...

Entropy considerations are used to determine the types of subtle interactions (SI), or psi phenomena, that are consistent with the second law of thermodynamics. The analysis is preceded by a short tutorial on entropy and the second law of thermodynamics. For a coherent advanced (retrocausation) signal to exist, it would conflict with the second law in forward time because it would require a red...

The present work analyzes the cognitive process that led Clausius towards the translation of the Second Law of Thermodynamics into mathematical expressions. We show that Clausius’ original formal expression of the Second Law was achieved by making extensive use of the concept of disgregation, a quantity which has subsequently disappeared from the thermodynamic language. Our analysis demonstrate...

We study the evolution of the universe in the presence of inflaton, matter, radiation, and holographic dark energy. The time evolution of the scale factor is obtained by solving the Friedmann equation of the universe with a good approximation. We present two independent ways which determine the value of the dark energy constant d ∼ 1 from the observational data. The two ways are measuring the d...