AIMS To compare the in vitro killing effect of different agents on Demodex and to report the in vivo killing effect of tea tree oil (TTO) on ocular Demodex. METHODS Survival time of Demodex was measured under the microscope. Sampling and counting of Demodex was performed by a modified method. RESULTS Demodex folliculorum survived for more than 150 minutes in 10% povidone-iodine, 75% alcohol...

BACKGROUND Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is an uncommon, potentially fatal, hyperinflammatory syndrome that may rarely complicate the clinical course of Orientia tsutsugamushi disease (scrub typhus). METHODS Here we describe the clinicopathological features, laboratory parameters, management, and outcome of three adult patients (1 female, 2 males) with scrub typhus associated HLH f...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Scrub typhus is a vector-borne zoonotic infection caused by Orientiatsutsugamushi. Local epidemiology of the circulating serotypes of scrub typhus is not available from most parts of India. We conducted this study for the diagnosis of scrub typhus using IgM ELISA and to detect O. tsutsugamushi serotypes circulating in southern Andhra Pradesh, India. METHODS Samples wer...

Scrub cache perishable and non-perishable foods, and their caches may be pilfered by conspecifics. Caching and recovery by scrub-jays is psychologically rational in the sense that these behaviours responded appropriately to conditions that should have changed the birds’ beliefs and desires. For example, scrub-jays were allowed to cache worms and peanuts in a visuo-spatially distinct tray. At re...

INTRODUCTION The Santa Cruz Island Scrub Jay , Aphelocoma coerulescens insularis. is a genetically isolated populat ion limited in its geographic distribution to Santa Cruz Island, Santa Barbara County , Cal ifornia . This insular form is characterized by rather pronounced morphological different iat ion f rom mainland populat ions of the same species; its uniqueness was quickly recognized by e...

A descriptive study on rickettsiosis was conducted at the largest referral hospital in Hanoi, Vietnam, to identify epidemiological and clinical characteristics of specific rickettsiosis. Between March 2001 and February 2003, we enrolled 579 patients with acute undifferentiated fever (AUF), excluding patients with malaria, dengue fever, and typhoid fever, and serologically tested for Orientia ts...

We examined the HIV-inhibitory effects previously found to be associated with scrub typhus infection. Individual 500 ml units of plasma from donors with mild scrub typhus were safety-tested, subjected to virucidal heat treatment, and administered to 10 HIV-1-infected recipients who were not receiving antiretroviral drugs. HIV-1 copy number fell threefold or more in two recipients, and virus bur...

BACKGROUND Many parts of India are endemic for the dengue, malaria, typhoid and scrub typhus infections. The relative contribution of these illnesses in an outbreak of acute febrile illness is not known in this region. OBJECTIVE The present study was conducted to find out the etiological pattern in an epidemic of acute febrile illness in Uttarakhand during the monsoon period. The study also f...

Scrub typhus is an endemic disease in eastern Taiwan. We conducted a study of scrub typhus cases among hospitalized pediatric patients. Twenty-eight pediatric cases were confirmed to be scrub typhus (either by immunofluorescence assay or polymerase chain reaction) from 2000 to 2005. The medical records of these patients were reviewed for demographics and clinical manifestations. The majority of...

Every surgeon and nurse involved in surgery builds a mental model of each type of surgery based on their experiences. This implicit knowledge about the surgical workflow allows them to make decisions based on the current context and predict and prepare future steps. Acquiring this model takes time, therefore experienced scrub nurses are in high demand. Additionally to that, qualified scrub nurs...