BACKGROUND Volatile fatty acids (VFA) are building blocks for the chemical industry. Sustainable, biological production is constrained by production and recovery costs, including the need for intensive pH correction. Membrane electrolysis has been developed as an in situ extraction technology tailored to the direct recovery of VFA from fermentation while stabilizing acidogenesis without caustic...

Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) reportedly make up approximately half of the organic matter in activated sludge (AS), and therefore strongly influence AS properties. This study evaluated component fractions EPS normalized to volatile suspended solids (VSS) waste (WAS) from a trickling-filter-solids contact process (TF/SC) its ability biosorb raw wastewater with 30 min time. Biosorption...

— Space-time block codes from square complex orthogonal designs (SCOD) have been extensively studied and most of the existing SCODs contain large number of zeros. The zeros in the designs result in high peak-to-average power ratio and also impose a severe constraint on hardware implementation of the code while turning off some of the transmitting antennas whenever a zero is transmitted. Recentl...

Anaerobic digestion (AD) appears to be a popular unit operation in wastewater treatment plant treat waste activated sludge (WAS) and the produced methane gas can harvested as renewable energy. However, WAS could inhibit hydrolysis stage during AD hence pre-treatment is required overcome issue. This paper aimed study effect of electrochemical (EP) towards efficiency using titanium coated with ru...

In the last few years, production of waste activated sludge (WAS) has increased dramatically, and treatment disposal have attracted widespread attention. this study, rhamnolipids were used to improve efficiency hydrogen from WAS, fermentation solution was as a substrate by lipid-producing microalgae recover resources generate clean energy. Results showed that had best effect among several surfa...

results the results of this study showed that the release of soluble chemical oxygen demand (scod) in the supernatant and srf were in the range of 127.9-831 mg/l and 12.48-36.55 m/kg at 10 to 120 min ultrasonic contact time, respectively. in addition, ts and vs decreased from 57.98 and 56.31 to 52.69 and 49.87 mg/l, respectively. despite the significant reduction in the solids, there was no con...