Before the discovery of the diffraction of X-rays in crystals some very important studies had been made of the quality of these rays by measuring their absorption in different materials. Especially Barkla had been able, by this rather simple method, to find some fundamental properties of the X-rays when they were scattered by different elements. It was known that the radiation leaving an X-ray ...

Five phase-function (PF) normalization techniques are compared using the discrete-ordinate method (DOM) for modeling diffuse radiation heat transfer in participating media. Both the mathematical formulation and the impact on the conservation of both scattered energy and PF asymmetry factor for both Henyey-Greenstein (HG) and Legendre PF distributions are presented for each technique. DOM radiat...

Recent measurements of a 2D electron gas subjected to microwave radiation reveal a magnetoresistance with an oscillatory dependence on the ratio of radiation frequency to cyclotron frequency. We perform a diagrammatic calculation and find radiation-induced resistivity oscillations with the correct period and phase. Results are explained via a simple picture of current induced by photoexcited di...