CONTEXT Shoulder injuries are common in swimmers because of the demands of the sport. Muscle imbalances frequently exist due to the biomechanics of the sport, which predispose swimmers to injury. To date, an effective shoulder-injury-prevention program for competitive swimmers has not been established. OBJECTIVE To assess the effectiveness of a 6-wk strengthening and stretching intervention p...

Shoulder tendon injuries are frequently seen in the presence of abnormal scapular motion, termed scapular dyskinesis. The cause and effect relationship between scapular dyskinesis and shoulder injury has not been directly defined. We developed and used an animal model to examine the initiation and progression of pathological changes in the rotator cuff and biceps tendon. Sixty male Sprague-Dawl...

OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of fatigue during an external rotation task on 3-dimensional scapular kinematics. DESIGN A single-group, pretest-posttest measurement design. SETTING Research laboratory. PARTICIPANTS Thirty healthy subjects. INTERVENTIONS Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Three-dimensional scapular kinematics were recorded with a Polhemus magnetic tracking devic...

The immediate goal of this study was to develop and validate a noninvasive, computational surface mapping approach for measuring scapular kinematics by using available motion capture technology in an innovative manner. The long-term goal is to facilitate clinical determination of the role of the scapula in children with brachial plexus birth palsy (BPBP). The population for this study consisted...

BACKGROUND Altered scapular rotation and position have been named scapular dyskinesis. Visual dynamic assessment could be applied to classify this alteration based on the clinical observation of the winging of the inferior medial scapular border (Type I) or of the prominence of the entire medial border (Type II), or by the excessive superior translation of the scapula (Type III). OBJECTIVE Th...

CONTEXT The literature does not present a consistent pattern of altered scapular kinematics in patients with shoulder-impingement syndrome (SIS). OBJECTIVES To perform meta-analyses of published comparative studies to determine the consistent differences in scapular kinematics between subjects with SIS and controls. In addition, the purpose was to analyze factors of the data-collection method...

[Purpose] This study developed an effective self-relaxation exercise for acute scapular medial pain and investigated its pain relief effects. [Subject and Methods] The subject was a 41-year-old male with scapular medial pain. During session 1, the subject performed a retraction exercise. During session 2, the subject performed a passive scapular lifting exercise. [Results] After session 2, the ...