Emergency department (ED) use, by both insured and uninsured, leads to significant health care costs in the United States. While frequent ED use is often attributed to the uninsured, there is some evidence that insured populations also report utilizing the ED when otherwise preventable or nonurgent. We conducted in-person surveys of patients visiting the ED at a large research hospital and exam...

The article by Cheri Wilson, “Patient Safety and Healthcare Quality: The Case for Language Access”, highlights 
the challenges of providing Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services (CLAS) to patients with 
Limited English Proficiency (LEP). As the US pursues high-value, high-performance healthcare, our ability 
to meet the needs of our most vulnerable will determine whether we succeed...

We use a Principal-Agent framework to evaluate the economic impacts of imposing a tax on insurance payment in presence of moral hazard using a Gamma conditional distribution of losses. Our results show that any tax paid by the insured would the lower his effort to prevent loss, hence increasing insurance payments and decreasing pro ts. This result is reinforced as the insured becomes more risk ...

Background Little research has focused on the economic hardship among the insured with severe illnesses and high treatment costs, in particular, the consequence of poorer insurance coverage for high-cost illnesses. Therefore, we presented the case for identifying the experiences of insured patients with severe chronic and acute illnesses. This study identified a qualitative understanding of the...

Background By eliminating economic hurdles, the Women's Health and Cancer Rights Act of 1998 represented a paradigm shift in the availability of breast reconstruction. Yet, studies report disparities among Medicare-insured women. These studies do not account for the inherent differences in age and comorbidities between a younger privately insured and an older Medicare population. We examined im...

Term insurance Term insurance is what comes to mind when most people contemplate an insurance policy. In this situation, the insured pays a premium to the insurance company on a monthly or yearly basis. These premiums entitle the insured to be paid a benefit in the event of death. The typical policy is applied over a defined period of time. In most instances, the term of the policy is between 1...

This paper looks at markets characterized by the fact that the demand side is insured. In these markets a consumer purchases a good to compensate consequences of unfavorable events, such as an accident or an illness. Insurance policies in most lines of insurance base indemnity on the insured’s actual expenses, i.e., the insured would be partially or completely reimbursed when purchasing certain...

Between 1997 and 2003, the share of workers subject to mental health parity laws greatly increased. But because of exemptions for self-insured firms and small firms, coverage is much lower than a simple tally of state mandates would suggest. Limits on the types of conditions covered further weaken these laws. This paper summarizes the extent and scope of state parity legislation in terms of the...

Economic efficiency is improved in the presence of an implemented risk management program of the insurer. Risk management requirements are imposed by regulators to reduce the insurers’ insolvency risk, as well as to improve the insurance market stability. We extend the classical analysis on optimal insurance design to the case when the insurer implements regulatory requirements (Value-at-Risk)....

introduction & objective: there are three elements such as emotional, social and cognitive concepts in happiness. the first causes positive expression, the second causes expanded and positive social relations with the others and the last results the thought that interprets optimism-rating events. due to happiness role in health of body and spirit of students and also for limited studies in thes...