Tephra preserved in sediments form useful isochronous marker layers, linking disparate geological, palaeoenvironmental and archaeological records. The application of tephrochronology is greatly enhanced through the detection macroscopically invisible tephra (cryptotephra). Here, we identify two discrete cryptotephra Samoan lake sediments, first identification region outside New Zealand. Geochem...

Transcritical carbon dioxide waste heat recovery systems and the construction of scroll expanders have recently been hot topics. The flank clearance, located between orbiting fixed scroll, has a vital impact on expander performance. This paper estimates effect clearance expander’s thermodynamic performance (first-law efficiency) based computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. manufacturin...

324 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 19, No. 2, February 2013 in Italy and Spain (1,9). In southern European countries, TOSV is mostly transmitted by P. perniciosus and P. perfiliewi sandflies (1,6,9), whereas P. perniciosus, P. longicuspis, and P. perfiliewi are the most abundant sandfly species in northern Tunisia. It is therefore probable that TOSV is transmitted by sand...

Phellinus noxius causes root and lower stem rot of woody plants throughout the South Pacific region. Its hosts include rubber, mahogany, cacao, and many timber, fruit and landscape trees. Though endemic to the tropics, we found no reports describing brown root rot disease in native forests, exclusively. Incidence, distribution and host range of P. noxius were measured in primary and secondary r...

INTRODUCTION AND AIMS There are significant gender differences in alcohol consumption throughout the world. Here we report the results of an alcohol consumption survey on the rural island of Savaii, in the Pacific nation of Samoa. DESIGN AND METHODS Eleven villages were selected for sampling using a randomized stratified cluster sampling methodology. A total of 1049 inhabitants over the age o...